Background- Patients with different malocclusions may show the different activities of masticatory muscle. Masticatory muscle with neuromuscular disorder can act as an aggravating factor for a malocclusion. Patients may adopt faulty masticatory positions in case of different malocclusion, which may cause interference during orthodontic treatment. It mainly depends on muscle function or expression while recording. Aim- The current study is to evaluate the muscles’ activity using surface electromyography in the masseter, temporalis, and buccinator muscles in different malocclusions at rest, and during chewing and clenching. Material and Methods- A Total of 39 patients were examined and they were divided into 3 groups based on Angle’s classification of malocclusion- Group 1- Class I malocclusion, Group 2 – Class II malocclusion, and Group 3- Class III malocclusion. Result- At rest position, Group-1 subjects showed higher muscle function in the masseter and temporalis muscle (Mean- 18.54 ± 5.22 and 13.42 ± 4.16 respectively). Whereas, Buccinator showed enhanced performance in Group 1 subjects during chewing (Mean52.31 ± 8.98). However, no gender-wise discrepancy in the muscles was found during any of the masticatory functions or malocclusions. Conclusion- Patients with Class I malocclusion showed higher masseter activity than patients with Class II and Class III malocclusions. No gender-wise discrepancy was found in the muscle function during any of the masticatory functions or malocclusions.

Introduction: Transcranial electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is being used to relieve pain in various specialties for ages but till date, no concurrent evidence is achieved on the efficacy of this method to relieve pain, still it is used as a non-pharmacological method of pain relief. For orthodontic pain relief the literature is scanty, as the studies conducted are also very less, hence we conducted this metanalysis to pool the results of these scanty studies and achieve some concurrent evidence of TENS efficacy in pain relief caused due to orthodontic tooth movement. Material and methods: Medline/PubMed, Cochrane, and google scholar were searched for the studies of TENS use in orthodontic tooth movement. Studies having data for 24 hrs. and 48 hrs. after application of tens device were included. The results were scaled and pooled and statistical analysis was done by using python and SPSS software. Results and discussion: Our results were statistically highly significant in favor of TENS with a p-value of 0.0001 indicating that TENS is highly effective in orthodontic pain relief. Conclusion: TENS is highly effective in relieving pain from orthodontic tooth movement.