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Objective: The aim of this study was to find out the alterations in biochemical parameters associated with the functioning of kidney, cardiac, liver, thyroid, and reproductive organs in pre- and post-menopause Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) women treated with metformin monotherapy (MMT) and to select a set of biochemical tests as routine to evaluate the functions of the above organs at regular intervals of time based on the levels of various biochemical parameters during a period of 1 year at 6 and 12 months.Method: A total of 100 T2DM patients (50 pre- and 50 post-menopause women) who visited Apollo Speciality Hospitals Vanagaram, Sugar Clinic, and who were on treatment with MMT and 100 (50 pre- and 50 post-menopause age-matched non-diabetic women) were enrolled for this study. Fully automated analyzers and reagents and controls were used for all the assays to ensure the validity of the results obtained. GraphPad online calculator was used to calculate t and p values.Results: MMT for menopause women with T2DM had improved the diabetic parameters, and the levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPPG), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) have dropped from 179.48 mg/dL, 270.8 mg/dL, and 8.75% at diagnosis to 135.36, 199.45, and 7.05, respectively, after 12 months of MMT. In the case of post-menopause, the corresponding levels were 180.6, 263.2, and 8.85 to 133.79, 189.06, and 6.68%, respectively, and all the five organ functions were also not altered as the parameters tested for each organ function returned to normal. The drop in all the parameters levels was significant compared to the levels at diagnosis and the p values ranged from <0.01 to<0.0001.Conclusion: Metformin treatment has shown very good improvement in the progressive reductions in the levels of FPG, PPPG, and HbA1c as well as maintaining the functions of kidney, cardiac, liver, thyroid, and reproductive organs to near normal as per the associations of these organ-specific parameters before and after 6 and 12 months of MMT.

One of the main causes of death in India is pancreas cancer. Various blood tumour indicators such as 19-9 carbohydrate antigen (CA19-9), antigen125 carbohydrate (CA125), antigen carcinoembryogenic (CEA) and alphaetoprotein (AFP) imbalance are observed in therapy for cancer. In disease predictions, thorough monitoring of the change in serum tumour markers was highly essential. The present investigation was thus conducted to examine serum marker tumour profiles before and after therapy of individuals with pancreatic cancer. The study comprised 400 individuals from both sexes suffering from pancreatic carcinogenic malignancy. In the pre and post-treatment of patients we detected serum tumour markers. In post-treatment groups, serum tumour marker levels were lower than before the individuals were treated. However, using pairs of samples t-testing at pfleg.0.05 these changes were statistically significant. Marker alterations in the serum tumour have shown risk for individuals. These alterations therefore enable the cancer individuals to predict and monitor properly.

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