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The latest research in WSNs (Wireless Sensor Network) has been exploring Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs). As the name suggests, these networks aim at providing effective communication underwater by addressing the challenges prevalent in this network. Underwater communication has found a lot of applications in ocean monitoring and underwater contamination monitoring. The issue of routing underwater is a major concern as it has to address a lot of challenges. Creating an effective routing protocol has been a constant topic of research in UASNs. We have focused on a Secure Cross-Layer Routing Protocol (SCLRP) in UASNs using Fuzzy Logic and Enhanced Algebra Homomorphic Encryption. This protocol aims at providing secure data transmission using optimized nodes that are selected from the neighboring nodes of the source node. The optimal nodes are selected by applying fuzzy rules to the available input. The selected nodes will then forward the packets to the next hop till the packet reaches the destination. The proposed protocol is an Energy Efficient Secure Fuzzy Logic based Cross –Layer design routing protocol. Our proposed protocol ensures safe transmission of data, which is the main objective of a routing protocol used in a wireless network. The routing protocol will ensure better QoS, by using a reliable encryption technique to reinforce secure routing. The protocol incorporates an enhanced Algebra Homomorphic encryption technique to help with managing the security of the transmitted data. QoS is further improved by using a cross-layer design wherein, the proposed protocol will not be expected to adjust as the data travels the different layers of the network so the protocol will be free from the confines of the standards and protocols followed in each of the layer. This flexibility will help in making our protocol perform better than the existing techniques. The SCLRP protocol is analyzed with the performance of NADIR and EEMCCP schemes to analyze its performance.

FANETs are the new means of communication and have been aiding domestic and military applications for a long time now. FANETS are supported by UAV (Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles) which carry out the task of transmitting and receiving data. FANETs are still susceptible to challenges and issues that ad hoc networks usually face. Because of the lack of infrastructure, FANET related issues need to be addressed before applying any strategies or protocols over the network. Routing and effective transmission are two major challenges faced in FANETs. This objective of a FANET is not aided in any way by the high mobile AUVs in the network scenario. Packet loss and routing failures are common occurrences in a FANET. Node and route links are not permanent and may lead to a lot of transmission related issues. The performance of any network is gauged by its successful delivery rate. Effective delivery is made possible by carefully planned routing strategies. Setting up an optimal path right from the originating source to the delivery address is quite the challenge in a FANET. FANETs also fall victim to various network attacks, primary of which is the black hole attack. Black hole attacks are more common in a FANET and this is closely associated with the AUVs’ high mobility. Data may be completely lost during a black hole attack. Our proposed protocol will address the challenge of effective routing while addressing black hole attacks. Our Eagle optimized Energy Efficient Ad hoc On demand Distance Vector (OEE-AODV)routing protocol focuses primarily on selecting an optimized and secure route towards the destination node .Network factors like trust degree, priority queue, network delay, hop count and the level of energy consumption are taken into consideration in formulating a routing strategy for the proposed protocol. The outcome is an efficient routing strategy that can oversee the successful delivery of the data. The proposed protocol works in two phases. In the first phase, it focuses on setting up an optimal route with select nodes, while in the second phase it enhances the security level of the network by foiling potential black hole attacks with the use of the RREP packets. The nodes along the discovered route will be made up of nodes which are scrutinized and determined as trusted nodes. The OEE-AODV protocol assures the successful delivery of data with the help of an optimal and trusted routing path. The proposed OEE-AODV protocol is assessed against AODV and AODV-V2 protocols to assess its performance. OEE-AODV achieves maximum PDR and throughput while conserving the network energy by minimizing the network delay.