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-This study aimed at assessing the level of weed infestation indifferent areas that were submitted to different soil management for 16 years. Four management systems were studied: (1) agriculture only under conventional tillage system; (2) agriculture only under no-till system; (3) crop-livestock integrationcrop-livestock integration; (4) livestock only. These areas were sampled at three soil depths (0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 cm), and soil was stored in plastic pots and taken to a greenhouse, where soil moisture and weight were standardized. Soil was kept near 70% moisture field capacity, being revolved every 20 days when all seedling emerged from soil were counted, identified and collected for dry mass assessment. The soil coverage by weeds, number of weed seedlings and dry mass of the weedy community were assessed. A phytoecological analysis was conducted. Weed composition is differentdifferent among management systems after 16 years. Areas with livestock showed much smaller number of weed species in comparison to systems where only grain crops are grown. The presence of livestock affects the potential of germination of soil seed bank. Agriculture systems are similar in terms of weed composition along soil profile, while systems involving livestock show little relation in what regards such sampled depths. Conservationist models of land exploration contribute to reduce severity of weed species occurrence in the long term.Keywords: weeds, cropping systems, crop-livestock integration.RESUMO -Objetivou-se avaliar o nível de infestação por plantas daninhas em áreas submetidas a manejos distintos por 16 anos: (1) agricultura em sistema convencional de preparo; (2) agricultura em sistema plantio direto; (3) integração lavoura/pecuária; (4) somente pecuária. Amostras de solos destas áreas foram coletadas em três profundidades (0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 cm), depositadas em potes plásticos e levadas a casa de vegetação. O solo era revolvido a cada 20 dias, quando as plantas daninhas presentes eram identificadas e coletadas. Foram avaliados cobertura por plantas daninhas; densidade de plantas daninhas e massa seca da comunidade infestante. Foi também conduzida análise fitoecológica em função dos distintos manejos e profundidades. Áreas onde pastagens estiveram presentes tiveram menor infestação por plantas daninhas que áreas onde somente agricultura era utilizada. A composição florística difere entre sistemas de manejo. Áreas onde a pecuária está presente apresentaram número de plântulas de espécies daninhas muito inferior a sistemas onde somente agricultura está presente. A presença de criação de gado afeta o potencial de emergência das espécies presentes no banco de sementes do solo. Sistemas de agricultura sem integração apresentam alta similaridade em termos de composição de espécies ao longo do perfil do solo enquanto sistemas integrados com pecuária apresentam pouca relação entre as profundidades amostradas. Modelos conservacionistas de exploração do solo contribuem com a redução da severidade de ocorrência de espécie...

No-tillage farming combined with temporary cattle grazing is becoming a common practice in parts of South America. We quantified the effects of no-tillage and winter grazing of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) on soil carbon and nitrogen stock, stratification ratio (concentration in 0-5 to 10-20-cm layer) and lability (based on particulate organic matter, POM), relative to conventional tillage or ungrazed ryegrass. A 9-year-old experiment was conducted in a southern Brazilian Ferralsol. Soil under no-tillage accumulated 1.11 Mg C ha −1 year −1 and 0.10 Mg N ha −1 year −1 to 100-cm depth relative to conventional tillage when ryegrass was not grazed, and also increased the stratification ratio of carbon (1.48 vs. 1.11) and nitrogen (1.66 vs. 1.17). The carbon and nitrogen lability was also greater in no-tillage soil, as carbon and nitrogen stocks increased proportionally more in sand-POM than in silt or clay size fractions (carbon lability index = 1.57 vs. 1.00; nitrogen lability index = 1.57 vs. 1.00). Semiquinone concentrations in physical fractions were 4-28% smaller in no-tillage, suggesting less organic matter aromaticity in this treatment. Grazing, however, caused no further improvement of stocks of carbon and nitrogen in the 0-100-cm layer of notillage soil (e.g., 209 vs. 212 Mg C ha −1 , ns), or enhancement of stratification or lability of those elements, relative to ungrazed ryegrass. Overall, no-tillage effectively promoted soil carbon and nitrogen accumulation and lability in this subtropical Ferralsol, whereas grazing did not compromise the gains of no-tillage. Highlights • Capacity of no-tillage and grazing to enhance stocks, stratification and lability of soil C and N. • C sequestration with no-tillage is being debated, and little is known when combined with grazing. • No-tillage accumulated 1.11 Mg C ha −1 year −1 but grazing promoted no further C accumulation. • No-tillage effectively accumulated C in soil and grazing did not compromise such gain of no-tillage.

-This study aims to assess the composition of weed communities as a function of distinct selection factors, at neighboring areas submitted to distinct soil management and diverse use for sixteen years. Four areas submitted to distinct managements (conventional tillage system; no-till system; integration crop/livestock and continuous livestock) were sampled in relation to the occurrence and severity of weed species by the beginning of the planting season, being estimated the relative abundance, relative frequency and relative dominance of each weed species under each area, as well as the Importance Value Index for each species. Areas were also compared by the Sørensen´s similarity coefficient. Areas where pasture and grazing were never present, exhibited a number of seedlings of weed species 250% higher than areas periodically or continuously under grazing, while the area of soil covered by weeds was 87% superior at the conventional tillage system in relation to the average of the other treatments. Grass weeds were the most important at the conventional tillage area while broadleaved weeds where more important at the no-till area, probably due also to herbicide selection factors. Under crop/livestock integration there may be the need to care about controlling seedlings of the forage species inside grain crops in succession.Keywords: integration crop/livestock, cropping systems, phytosociology.RESUMO -Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a composição de comunidades infestantes em função de distintos fatores de seleção, em áreas vizinhas submetidas a distintos manejos de solo e usos por 16 anos. Quatro áreas submetidas a manejos distintos (sistema de cultivo convencional, sistema plantio direto, integração lavoura/pecuária e pecuária contínua) foram amostradas em relação a ocorrência e severidade de espécies de plantas daninhas no início da estação de cultivo, sendo estimadas a abundância relativa, frequência relativa e dominância relativa de cada espécie daninha em cada área, bem como o Índice de Valor de Importância para cada espécie. As áreas também foram comparadas pelo coeficiente de similaridade de Sørensen. Áreas onde forragens e pastejo não estão inseridas na rotação apresentaram número de plântulas de espécies daninhas 250% superior em relação a áreas periodicamente ou continuamente sob pastejo, enquanto a área de solo coberta pela comunidade de plantas infestantes foi 87% superior no tratamento com preparo convencional do solo, em relação a média dos demais tratamentos. Plantas daninhas de folhas estreitas foram predominantes na área de preparo convencional do solo enquanto folhas largas predominaram na área de plantio direto, provavelmente devido também a fatores de seleção relativos ao herbicida. Na área de integração lavoura/pecuária pode haver a necessidade de controle de plântulas da espécie semeada como forrageira durante o cultivo em sucessão a pastagem.Palavras-chave: integração lavoura/pecuária, sistemas de cultivo, fitossociologia.