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The wood of Acacia nilotica has been histochemically analysed. Two discs, one from the young branch just prior to the heartwood formation and another one from the old branch having heartwood were separately analysed to understand the biochemical mechanism involved in the heartwood formation. Histochemical parameters in terms of starch, other polysaccharides, lipids, protein, shikimic acid, nucleic acids, histones, phenolics and the enzymes peroxidase, succinate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase and lipase have been studied. Considerable histochemical variations have been noticed during transition from the sapwood to the heartwood.Peroxidase is localized only in the outer sapwood region whereas succinate dehydrogenase and lipase are localized in the transition zone. The significance of the enzymatic changes leading to the formation of the heartwood is discussed.

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