Using World Health Organization definitions of visual loss and a standardised methodology, 905 children were examined in Chile, West Africa and South India. Of these 806 (89%) suffered from blindness (BL) or severe visual impairment (SVI). Causes of SVI and BL were classified anatomically and aetiologically, and avoidable causes identified. In W. Africa (n = 284) the major anatomical cause of SVI/BL was corneal scar/phthisis bulbi (35.9%). Retinal disease accounted for 20.4%, cataract 15.5% and glaucoma 13.0%. Aetiologically 33.8% of SVI/BL was due to childhood factors and 21.1% to hereditary disease. In S. India (n = 305) the major anatomical cause of SVI/BL was corneal scar/phthisis bulbi (38.4%). Retinal disease accounted for 22.6%, cataract 7.4% and glaucoma 3%. Aetiologically 37.0% of SVI/BL was due to childhood factors and 29.8% to hereditary disease. In Chile (n = 217) the major anatomical cause of SVI/BL was retinal disease (47.0%). Cataract accounted for 9.2%, glaucoma 8.3% and 6.9% was due to corneal pathology. Aetiologically 30.4% of SVI/BL was due to hereditary factors, and 20.8% to perinatal factors of which four-fifths (16.6%) was due to retinopathy of prematurity. Avoidable conditions accounted for 70%, 47% and 54% of cases in W. Africa, S. India and Chile respectively.
SUMMARY Three hundred and eighteen of 421 children (76 per cent) registered in Chile's 10 schools for the blind were examined. 84 per cent of these had severe visual loss (severe visual impairment or blindness), which was attributable to hereditary factors in 29‐6 per cent, intra‐uterine factors in 8‐2 per cent, perinatal factors in 22‐5 per cent and childhood factors in 11‐2 per cent. The aetiology could not be determined in 28‐5 per cent. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) accounted for 17‐6 per cent of all children with severe visual loss; analysis of data by age‐group suggested that ROP is becoming an increasingly important cause of blindness. It is estimated that one‐half of the children with severe visual loss in Chile have avoidable causes of blindness. The findings are discussed in the light of possible control strategies. RÉSUMÉ Les causes de la cécité et̀ des troubles visuels graves chez les enfants chiliens Sur 421 enfants inscrits dans les 10 écoles pour aveugles du Chili, 318 (76 pour cent) ont été examinés. 84 pour cent d'entre eux avaient un déficit visuel grave (trouble visuel grave ou cécité). Les facteurs héréditaires intervenaient pour 29‐6 pour cent, les facteurs intra‐utérins pour 8‐2 pour cent, les facteurs péri‐nataux pour 22‐5 pour cent et les facteurs agissant durant l'enfance pour 11‐2 pour cent; l'étiologie ne put être fixée dans 28‐5 pour cent des cas. Une rétinopathie de prématurite (ROP) apparaissait pour 17‐6 pour cent de tous les enfants avec perte visuelle sévère; une analyse des données par groupe d'âge suggèrait que la ROP tend à devenir une cause d'importance croissante. On estime les causes de la cécité au Chili sont des causes évitables dans 49 pour cent des cas. Ces données sont discutees à la lumière de stragégies de contrôle possibles. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Ursachen für Blindheit und schwere Sehstörungen bei Kindern in Chile Dreihundertundachtzehn (76 Prozent) von 421 Kindern, die in den 10 Blindenschulen von Chile registrtert sind, warden untersucht. 84 Prozent hatten einen schweren Sehverlust (schwere Sehstörungen oder Blindheit). Dieser hatte in 29‐6 Prozent eine heriditäre Ursache, in 8‐2 Prozent eine intra‐uterine, in 22‐5 Prozent eine perinatale und in 11‐2 Prozent eine im Kindesalter erworbene Ursache. In 28‐5 Prozent der Fälle war die Ätiologie nicht festzustellen. Eine Frühgeborenen‐retinopathie (ROP) war die Ursache bei 17‐6 Prozent aller Kinder mit schwerem Sehverlust; eine Datenanalyse nach Altersgruppen deutet darauf hin, daß die ROP als Ursache an Bedeutung gewinnt. Man nimmt an, daß bei 49 Prozent der Kinder mit schwerem Sehverlust in Chile die Ursache für die Erblindung vermeidbar gewesen wäre. Die Befunde werden unter dem Aspekt mdglicher Kontrollmafinahmen diskutiert. RESUMEN Causas de ceguera y de atteración visual grave en niños en Chile Se examinaron 318 (el 76 por ciento) de los 421 niflos registrados en 10 escuelas para ciegos de Chile. El 84 por ciento tenian una pérdida visual grave (alteratión visual severa o ceguera). El hecho era atribuible a factores h...
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