The objective of the present study was to determine the impact of acute short-term exposure to air pollution on the cardiorespiratory performance of military fireman living and working in the city of Guarujá, São Paulo, Brazil. Twenty-five healthy non-smoking firemen aged 24 to 45 years had about 1 h of exposure to low and high levels of air pollution. The tests consisted of two phases: phase A, in Bertioga, a town with low levels of air pollution, and phase B, in Cubatão, a polluted town, with a 7-day interval between phases. The volunteers remained in the cities (Bertioga/Cubatão) only for the time required to perform the tests. Cumulative load 10 ± 2 min-long exertion tests were performed on a treadmill, consisting of a 2-min stage at a load of 7 km/ h, followed by increasing exertion of 1 km h -1 min -1 until the maximum individual limit. There were statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in anaerobic threshold (AT) between Cubatão (35.04 ± 4.91 mL kg -1 min -1 ) and Bertioga (36.98 ± 5.62 mL kg -1 min -1 ; P = 0.01), in the heart rate at AT (AT HR ; Cubatão 152.08 ± 14.86 bpm, Bertioga 157.44 ± 13.64 bpm; P = 0.001), and in percent maximal oxygen consumption at AT (AT%VO 2max ; Cubatão 64.56 ± 6.55%, Bertioga 67.40 ± 5.35%; P = 0.03). However, there were no differences in VO 2max , maximal heart rate or velocity at AT (AT vel ) observed in firemen between towns. The acute exposure to pollutants in Cubatão, SP, caused a significant reduction in the performance at submaximal levels of physical exertion. Correspondence

Hemolysis in ED (emergency department) patients is common due to difficult blood draws. Values of serum potassium (K + ) become falsely elevated secondary to release of intracellular contents. Objective: The aim of the study was to establish a correction factor for factitious elevated K + in samples for de adult ED. Methods: We used samples from 125 adult ED patients, in which the 2nd sample was drawn due to hemolysis of the first tube. Results: Firstly, we derived a correction factor expressing an increase in potassium concentration in 0.21 mmol/L (95% confidence interval, 0.17-0.24 mmol/L with p < 0.01) for each hemolysis index increment. Conclusions: A reliable correction factor for factitious hyperkalemia in a clinical relevant range exists.

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