A polyclonal antiserum was raised against soluble mycelial extracts of Mycosphaerella pinodes aiming at pathogen detection in infected pea seeds by ELISA. When tested against the homologous antigen, it allowed the detection of 5 ng fungal soluble protein ml-' buffer, by double-antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA). Positive reactions were obtained with isolates of M. pinodes of wide geographical origins but also with all tested isolates of Ascochyta pisi and Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella, two closely related pathogens forming with the target organism the Ascochyta complex. Out of the 11 other genera of pea seed-borne fungi tested, only two (Alternaria sp. and Stemphylium sp.) cross-reacted strongly by both antigen-coated plate (ACP-ELISA) and DAS-ELISA. Cross-absorption of the crude antiserum could not lead to a species-specific antiserum; however, a combination of P. medicaginis var. pinodella and Stemphylium sp. antigens resulted in an antiserum preferentially recognising A. pisi and M . pinodes. The cross-absorbed antiserum detected 50 and 500 ng of fungal protein ml-' buffer and healthy seed extracts respectively. DAS-ELISA proved suitable for the detection and quantification of M. pinodes in infected pea seeds tested singly.
Un sérum polyclonal a été produit en utilisant les conidiophores broyés de Peronospora viciae comme immunogène. Deux méthodes ELISA ont été comparées: une méthode indirecte (ACP‐ELISA) et une méthode sandwich révélée avec un système d'amplification à la biotinestreptavidine (DAS‐ELISA‐biotine). En DAS‐ELISA‐biotine, le champignon mélangéà des graines saines était mieux révélé qu'en ACP‐ELISA; 2,5ng de protéines de P. viciae par ml pouvaient alors être détectés. Les principaux agents pathogènes et saprophytes des graines de pois (13 genres testés) n'étaient pas reconnus en DAS‐ELISA‐biotine. Cette méthode a été appliquée à l'analyse de lots de graines. Pour chaque lot, 32 groupes de 30 graines ont été prélevés et le tampon de lavage des graines a été analysé après une nuit de macération des graines, sous agitation. Des graines individuelles ont également été testées. La majorité des lots analysés présentaient un faible degré d'infection (de 2,5 à 10 ng de protéines fongiques par ml). De plus, le degré d'infection des graines individuelles était très hétérogène au sein d'un lot. Cette méthode ELISA s'est avérée plus fiable que la méthode traditionnelle (observation microscopique des oospores dans l'eau de lavage des graines) employée actuellement pour détecter le mildiou dans les lots de graines.
Arable (protein) peas are widely grown in northern Europe, specifically for use in animal feed. The main production areas (1 million ha) are France, UK and Denmark; The Netherlands is a major seed producer. There are a number of important seed‐borne pathogens, including bacterial blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi), leaf and pod spot (Mycosphaerella pinodes) and pea seed‐borne mosaic potyvirus (PSbMV), that cause crop losses. There is a need for improved rapid methods for the detection of these pathogens both to monitor the production of high‐quality seed and for quarantine purposes. Using knowledge of the specificity of antibodies raised to these organisms, techniques were developed for simultaneous detection of the pathogens from the same seed sample. Methods were developed that permitted the detection of 101–102 bacterial cfu ml‐1 in seed‐soak fluid, soluble antigen from seed with and without obvious fungal infection and the presence of PSbMV within the embryo of homogenized seed.
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