This article concentrates on optimization of fatigue life, i.e., dynamic capacity of rolling element bearings by using a novel optimization approach known as Teaching-Learning-Based optimization. The optimization technique is applied to two cases of bearing, i.e., deep groove ball bearing and cylindrical roller bearing, by considering a large number of bearings and their associated constraints. The chosen problems involve around 9 design variables and the optimized result obtained shows considerable improvement over the previous results, standard catalogues and handbooks. Efforts are also made to validate the obtained results using finite element analysis approach and the simulated results of contact stress and deformation at the contact between inner race and roller are found in close agreement with the obtained optimum results. Thus, this article proves good applicability of proposed optimization approach in bearing design which will be useful to the on field designers to improve the performance of bearings. Keywords Deep groove ball bearing • Cylindrical roller bearing • Dynamic capacity • TLBO algorithm • Optimization List of symbols D Outer diameter of bearing d Bore diameter of bearing B Width of bearing D m Pitch diameter D b Ball diameter f i The inner and outer raceway curvature radius coefficient f o The inner and outer raceway curvature radius coefficient Z Number of rolling elements C d Dynamic load rating ∝ Contact angle L Life of the bearing a Constant defined by Lundberg-Palmgren [2] K D min , K D max , ε, e, β Constraints to basic design variables [9]
Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is second most widely used additive manufacturing process worldwide. Performance of the FDM system is highly effected by number of parameters such as environmental factors, material properties, part orientation and supports, machining parameters and working parameters. Working parameters specifically raster angle and width, layer thickness and amount of infill highly effect the mechanical characteristics of additively printed parts. Part orientation which is directly proportional with support generation, is mandatory requirement for hanging parts but it results in poor surface finish and require more post-processing. A proper selection of material is one to the key factor of success of functional prototypes produced from FDM system. Various materials categorized as biodegradable/non- biodegradable, biocompatible, water soluble/insoluble, etc. can be processed on considered system. A various commercial and open ware software’s can be used to identify optimum value of working parameters for best results. In present work, a comprehensive review has been carried out to check the effect of working parameters on the performance of the FDM printed parts. Study also supported by the understanding of the various materials reinforced by FDM system and new possibilities are identified for future work.
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