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The pressure waveform has been measured at distances to 1000 m from 125-g and 1-kg unconfined charges of plastic explosive. Pressure waveforms in free air have been compared with other published data and TNT equivalence factors for PE4 are given. Propagation over concrete and water are shown to yield similar waveforms, although the yield factor of the charge appears to be somewhat less over water. Propagation over grass gives waveforms of quite a different character, with much of the high-frequency content being removed. The positive peak overpressure decays more rapidly with distance than it does over concrete. ANSI Standard S2.20-1983 is shown to be more suitable for predicting the peak overpressure over concrete or water than over grass. The sound exposure level (SEL) is calculated and empirical expressions are given in terms of charge size, distance, and surface. The effects of C-weighting are considered, and it is concluded that errors in the application of empirical equations are likely to be increased because of the effects of scaling on the frequency content.

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