Por outro lado, a transmissão do parasita por esta via, mediante a ingestão de tripomastigotas sangüí-neos, foi observada pela primeira vez por Mayer e Rocha Lima 8 (1914) que, colocando gotas de sangue infectado sobre a mucosa bucal de camundongos, conseguiram resultados positivos. Nattan-Larrier 9 (1921) obteve a infecção de dois terços dos camundongos que ingeriram sangue contendo tripomastigotas.A possibilidade de transmissão do T. cruzi mediante a ingestão de animais infectados e, portanto, contendo tripomastigotas sangüíneos e amastigotas tissulares, foi demonstrada por Dias 4 (1940), em gato adulto alimentado com camundongos infectados.Barretto e col. 1 (1978) estudaram a possibilidade de infecção de vários mamíferos por via oral, mediante a ingestão, quer de triatomíneos infectados quer de animais de laboratório experimentalmente infectados pelo T. cruzi. Jansen e Deane 6 (1985) descrevem a infecção de camundongos pelo parasita contido nas glândulas anais de gambás, Didelphis marsupialis, pela ingestão de alimentos contaminados com esse material.Como tais experiências revelaram que a via oral é um mecanismo eficiente de infecção do hospedeiro
Background: In phenylketonuria (PKU), modified casein glycomacropeptide supplements (CGMP-AA) are used as an alternative to the traditional phenylalanine (Phe)-free L-amino acid supplements (L-AA). However, studies focusing on the long-term nutritional status of CGMP-AA are lacking. This retrospective study evaluated the long-term impact of CGMP-AA over a mean of 29 months in 11 patients with a mean age at CGMP-AA onset of 28 years (range 15 to 43) [8 females; 2 hyperphenylalaninaemia (HPA), 3 mild PKU, 3 classical PKU and 3 late-diagnosed]. Outcome measures included metabolic control, anthropometry, body composition and biochemical parameters. Results: CGMP-AA, providing 66% of protein substitute intake, was associated with no significant change in blood Phe with CGMP-AA compared with baseline (562 ± 289 µmol/L vs 628 ± 317 µmol/L; p=0.065). In contrast, blood tyrosine significantly increased on CGMP-AA (52.0 ± 19.2 μmol/L vs 61.4 ± 23.8 μmol/L; p=0.027). Conclusions: Biochemical nutritional markers remained unchanged which is an encouraging finding in adults with PKU, many of whom are unable to maintain full adherence with nutritionally fortified protein substitutes. Longitudinal, prospective studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to fully understand the metabolic impact of using CGMP-AA in PKU.
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