Open loop control has commonly been used to conduct tasks for a range of Industrial Control Systems (ICS). ICS however, are susceptible to security exploits. A possible countermeasure to the active and passive attacks on ICS is to provide cryptography to thwart the attacker by providing confidentiality and integrity for transmitted data between nodes on the ICS network; however, a drawback of applying cryptographic algorithms to ICS is the additional communication latency that is generated. The proposed solution presented in this paper delivers a mathematical model suitable for predicting the latency and impact of software security constructs on ICS communications.The proposed model has been tested and validated against a software simulated open loop control scenario, the results obtained indicate on average a 1.3 percentage difference between the model and simulation.

With the interconnection of devices becoming more widespread in society (e.g. internet of things), networked devices are used in a range of environments from smart grids to smart buildings. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have commonly been utilised as a method of monitoring a set processes. In control networks WSN have been deployed to perform a variety of tasks (i.e. collate and distribute data from an event to an end device). However, the nature of the wireless broadcast medium enables attackers to conduct active and passive attacks. Cryptography is selected as a countermeasure to overcome these security vulnerabilities; however, a drawback of using cryptography is reduced throughput. This paper investigates the impact of two software authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD) security constructs on packet throughput of multiple hop WSN, being counter with cipher block chaining and message authentication code (CCM) and TinyAEAD. Experiments were conducted in a simulated environment. A case scenario is also presented in this paper to emphasise the impact in a real world context. Results observed indicate that the security constructs examined in this paper affect the average throughput measurements up to three hops.

Abstract-Unmanned control vehicles are used for a variety of scenarios where the user can conduct a task from a remote location; scenarios include surveillance, disaster recovery and agricultural farming. The operation of unmanned vehicles is generally conducted over a wireless communication medium. The nature of the wireless broadcast allows attackers to exploit security vulnerabilities through passive and active attacks; consequently, cryptography is often selected as a countermeasure to the aforementioned attacks. This paper analyses simulation undertaken to identify the affect of cryptographic constructs on the Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) of controlling an unmanned vehicle. Results indicate that standardised AEAD cryptographic approaches can increase the additional distance travelled by a unmanned vehicle over multiple hops communications up to 110 meters per second.

Abstract-Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are commonly used to conduct tasks (e.g. monitor and surveillance) in various civilian applications from a remote location. Wireless communications (i.e. radio frequency) are often used to remotely pilot the UAV and stream data back to the operator. The characteristics of the wireless communication channel allows attackers to monitor and manipulate the operation of the UAV through passive and active attacks. Cryptography is selected as a countermeasure to mitigate these threats; however, a drawback of using cryptography is the impact on the real-time operation and performance of the UAV. This paper proposes the Permutation Substitution Network (PSN) design paradigm with an instance presented which is the Alternative Advanced Encryption Standard (AAES) and analysis of its performance against the standardised Substitution Permutation Network (SPN) design paradigm the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). Results indicate that using the PSN paradigm is a feasible approach in comparison to the SPN design paradigm.

Abstract-With the requirement for remote control of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) becoming more frequent in scenarios where the environment is inaccessible or hazardous to human beings (e.g. disaster recovery); remote functionality of a UAV is generally implemented over wireless networked control systems (WNCS). The nature of the wireless broadcast allows attackers to exploit security vulnerabilities through passive and active attacks; consequently, cryptography is often selected as a countermeasure to the aforementioned attacks. This paper analyses simulation undertaken and proposes a model to balance the relationship between throughput and latency for a secure multi-hop communication link. Results obtained indicate that throughput is more influential up to two hops from the initial transmitting device; conversely, latency is the determining factor after two hops.