Purpose:The aim of the current study was to compare Guy's score and STONE score in predicting the success and complication rate of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).Materials and Methods:A total of 445 patients were included in the study between July 2015 and December 2016. The patients were given STONE score and Guy's Stone Score (GSS) grades based on CT scan done preoperatively and intra- and post-operative complications were graded using the modified Clavien grading system. The PCNL were done by a standard technique in prone positions.Results:The success rate in our study was 86.29% and both the GSS and STONE score were significantly associated with a success rate of the procedure. Both the scoring systems correlated with operative time and postoperative hospital stay. Of the total cases, 102 patients (22.92%) experienced complications. A correlation between STONE score stratified into low, moderate, and high nephrolithometry score risk groups (low scores 4–5, moderate scores 6–8, high scores 9–13), and complication was also found (P = 0.04) but not between the GSS and complication rate (P = 0.054).Conclusion:Both GSS and STONE scores are equally effective in predicting success rate of the procedure.

The synthesis of immunoglobulins and secretory component in the cervix and the endometrium was studied by tissue culture and immunofluorescence. Out of the 75 cervical biopsies studied, 17 were epidermoid carcinomas, 8 were carcinomas in situ and 23 tissues had inflammatory or metaplastic lesions. A total of 49 samples from endometrium were studied, out of which 22 were in the proliferative phase, 17 were in the secretory phase and 4 were carcinomas. In the cervical tissues without lesions, there were very few plasmacytes, the synthesis of immunoglobulins was low and in 66% of the tissues the synthesis of IgG was equal to or higher than that of IgA. With local modifications, the IgG synthesis was even more preponderant and was very important in epidermoid carcinomas which were infiltrated with numerous IgG plasmacytes. Secretory component was synthesized by almost all the tissues except the epidermoid carcinomas. The endometrium did not synthesize immunoglobulins; secretory component was synthesized only by endometrial tissue in the secretory phase and by 2 of the 4 carcinomas studied. It seems that in the cervix and the endometrium there is no relationship between the production of secretory component and the presence of IgA plasmacytes which probably localise as a result of other influences. The conditions in which the local secretory immunological system would react preferentially remain to be determined.

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Induction of trap formation in Arthrobotrys oligospora, A. conoides and Monacrosporium cystosporum was studied during a 24 h period in the presence of the free‐living nematodes Panagrellus redivivus on various nutrient media. A definite pattern of trap formation was observed in these fungi. Low nutrient mineral salt medium had the most pronounced effect on trap formation. Attraction and repulsion of P. redivivus towards these three nematophagous and three non‐nematophagous fungi was studied. The nematodes were attracted towards three nematophagous and one non‐nematophagous fungi, the other two repelled them. Attractants of the nematophagous fungi were determined by thin‐layer chromatography. In the case of A. oligospora and M. cystosporum, four spots were traced, whereas in A. conoides, five spots were detected.

Aquilaria agallocha Roxb., the sasi tree of Assam, is the chief source of 'agar' or 'eaglewood' of commerce which is highly prized in perfumery. However, the dark coloured scented wood, to which the name 'agar' is applied, is not found in all trees of this species, and the factors responsible for its occurrence in only a small percentage of trees are not properly understood. This paper compares the anatomical structure of the scented and unscented wood as a contribution towards a better understanding of agar formation.