Sprint interval exercise improves several health markers but the appetite and energy balance response is unknown. This study compared the effects of sprint interval and endurance exercise on appetite, energy intake and gut hormone responses. Twelve healthy males (mean(SD): age 23(3) years, body mass index 24.2(2.9) kg.m -2 , maximum oxygen uptake 46.3(10.2) mL.kg -1 .min -1 ) completed three 8h trials (control (CON), endurance exercise (END), sprint interval exercise (SIE)) separated by 1 week. Trials commenced upon completion of a standardised breakfast. Sixty minutes of cycling at 68.1(4.3)% of maximum oxygen uptake was performed from 1.75-2.75h in END. Six 30s Wingate tests were performed from 2.25-2.75h in SIE. Appetite ratings, acylated ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY) concentrations were measured throughout each trial. Food intake was monitored from buffet meals at 3.5 and 7h and an overnight food bag. Appetite (P<0.0005) and acylated ghrelin (P<0.002) were suppressed during exercise but more so during SIE. Peptide YY increased during exercise but most consistently during END (P<0.05). Acylated ghrelin was lowest in the afternoon of SIE (P=0.018) despite elevated appetite (P=0.052). Exercise energy expenditure was higher in END than SIE (P<0.0005). Energy intake was not different between trials (P>0.05). Therefore relative energy intake (energy intake minus the net energy expenditure of exercise) was lower in END than CON (15.7%; P=0.006) and SIE (11.5%; P=0.082). An acute bout of endurance exercise resulted in lower appetite perceptions in the hours after exercise than sprint interval exercise and induced a greater 24h energy deficit due to higher energy expenditure during exercise.

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The serum concentrations of serum amyloid A protein (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-ACT) and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AGP) have been measured in eighty-six patients with Crohn's disease, twenty-five patients with ulcerative colitis and twenty-two patients with the irritable bowel syndrome. In the Crohn's and ulcerative colitis group significant increases in concentration were observed in all four proteins, which parallelled disease severity as defined by other conventional laboratory parameters formulated into a simple activity index. In the irritable bowel group no significant changes were seen. Serum amyloid A and CRP concentrations were significantly lower in ulcerative colitis than in Crohn's disease when mild, but did not differ significantly when severe. Serum amyloid A correlated well with CRP (r = 0.83) and alpha 1-ACT (r = 0.80), but less well with alpha 1-AGP (r = 0.65). Serum amyloid A was the most sensitive protein (77%) but had the lowest specificity (74%). C-reactive protein was less sensitive (58%) than SAA but had greater specificity (100%). Alpha 1-ACT had a sensitivity and specificity similar to CRP and, therefore, provided little or no additional information. Alpha 1-AGP, although also 100% specific, had the lowest sensitivity (34%) and, therefore, is probably the least useful acute phase monitor of inflammatory bowel disease. The role, and associated problems, of SAA measurements are discussed.

Food intake was measured in 22 obese patients before and after jejunioleostomy for obesity. Most of the weight loss could be accounted for by the observed reduction of caloric intake. Malabsorption was also present as indicated by increased loss of fat in the stools, and decreased absorption of D-xylose and vitamin B12. A dislike for sweet tastes developed after surgery in most patients. Preferences for concentrated solutions of sucrose and glucose were reduced after patients showed a depression of food intake by a 440-calorie preload which had not been detected before surgery. These studies show a decrease in food intake after intestinal bypass surgery and suggest a role for taste or other gastrointestinal factors in regulating food intake.