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This and a previous investigation (10) were undertaken to obtain data to be used in the study of distillation of ternary mixtures. The densities, surface tensions, viscosities, refractive indices, and specific heats for the ternary system ethyl alcohol-glycerin-water are reported in this paper. A later paper will contain latent heats, boiling points, vapor pressures, and liquid-vapor composition data for the two ternary systems.Densities (4), specific heats (13), refractive indices (11), and viscosities (19) of the binary system glycerin-water have been determined previously by various experimenters. The binary system ethyl alcohol-water has been investigated by Bose (6), who determined specific heats, and by Winkler (22) for density. This investigation includes the determination of densities, surface tensions, viscosities, refractive indices, and specific heats of the ternary system ethyl alcohol-glycerin-water. EXPERIMENTAL Materials. Glycerin of the c.p. grade was purified by repeated distillation under reduced pressure, c.p. ethyl alcohol was treated successively with metallic calcium, sodium hydroxide, and finally with metallic sodium, and distilled after each addition. The water was treated with potassium permanganate and distilled; then treated with barium hydroxide and distilled repeatedly. The physical constants of the purified materials are given in table 1. Preparation of samples. The samples were prepared on a weight per cent basis in increments of 10 per cent. The composition of these samples is shown in table 2.Apparatus. Densities were determined by using a Geissler pycnometer. An Ostwald-Poiseuille viscosimeter (23) was employed for the determination of viscosities. The surface tension was measured by means of the 1 Presented before the Division of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry at the Mid-West Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society, October 31 to November 2, 1935.

The present results clearly show that prolonged iodine retention and the enhanced expression of kidney injury markers are caused mainly by the explicitly higher urine viscosity induced by iodixanol. We conclude that the osmolality of low-osmolar CAs such as iopromide induces a positive diuretic effect that is responsible for rapid iodine clearance and prevents increased expression of acute injury markers in the kidney.

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