El caolín del depósito de "Los Azufres" del municipio de Zinapécuaro, estado de Michoacán, México, fue caracterizado y evaluado para su posible utilización industrial. Se estudió la fracción menor a 45 µm., por fluorescencia de rayos (FRX), difracción de rayos (DRX) y espectroscopía infrarroja (IR). Mostrando un alto contenido en sílice (70%), asociada a las fases presentes en el mineral; cristobalita, tridimita y cuarzo seguidos de la caolinita con pequeñas cantidades de alunita. La distribución, morfología y el área superficial de las partículas fueron obtenidas por difracción de rayo láser, microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB) y por la técnica BET. Se realizó una caracterización térmica mediante análisis: térmico diferencial (ATD), térmico gravimétrico (ATG) y dilatométrico; revelando una fuerte expansión térmica del mineral desde temperatura ambiente hasta los 300 °C, seguido de una abrupta contracción entre 580°C y hasta 920°, relacionados con las transformaciones de fase de los polimorfos de la sílice, la deshidroxilación tanto de la alunita como de la caolinita y la desulfatación de la alunita. Las propiedades físicas tales como el color del mineral, grado de blancura, plasticidad, contracción lineal y densidad también fueron determinadas. Indicando que este mineral es recomendable para la industria del cemento y del plástico. Palabras clave: caolín, recursos minerales, caracterización, mineral industrial. Characterization and Evaluation of a kaolin deposit located in "Los Azufres" Michoacan, Mexico, for Industrial UseIn this work a kaolin ore from the region of "Los Azufres", state of Michoacan, Mexico, was characterized and evaluated in order to assess its use in the industry. A powder fraction less than 45 μm were studied by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). The results showed high silica content of ~ 70%, associated with minerals such as cristobalite, tridymite and quartz followed by kaolinite and a small amount of alunite. The distribution, morphology and surface area of the particles were obtained by Laser Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer Emmett Teller technique (BET). Thermal characterization was performed by differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and dilatometric analysis. The thermal characterization results displayed a strong mineral thermal expansion from room temperature to 300 ° C, followed by an abrupt contraction a temperatures between 580 ° C to 920 °. This could be associated with phase transformations of the polymorphs of silica, the dehydroxylation of the alunite and kaolinite and the desulfatation of alunite. The physical properties such as mineral color, degree of whiteness, plasticity, linear shrinkage and density were also determined. Finally whit the results obtained in this work, it can be concluded that the investigated ore is highly recommended for the cement industry and plastic. Vol 51, 6, 329-336, noviembre-Diciembre 2012 ISSn 0366-3175. eISSn 2173-0431. doi: 10.39...
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