Background Time trends in overweight and obesity in the general population have been well documented; however, temporal patterns in type 1 diabetes (T1D) have not been thoroughly investigated. We therefore assessed temporal patterns in overweight and obesity and predictors of weight change in 589 individuals from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) Study, a cohort of childhood onset T1D. Methods Participants were first seen in 1986–1988, when mean age and diabetes duration were 29 and 20 years, respectively, and biennially thereafter for 18 years. Overweight was defined as 25≤BMI<30 kg/m2. Obese was defined as a BMI≥30 kg/m2. Results At baseline, the prevalence of overweight and obesity were 28.6% and 3.4%, respectively. After 18 years of follow-up, the prevalence of overweight increased by 47% while the prevalence of obesity increased 7-fold. Seven percent were on intensive insulin therapy (≥3 insulin injections per day or on insulin pump) at baseline; by 2004–2007, this was 82%. Predictors of weight change were a higher baseline HbA1c, symptomatic autonomic neuropathy (inversely), overt nephropathy (inversely), and going onto intensive insulin therapy during follow-up. Conclusion These data demonstrate dramatic weight gain in T1D and underscore the complexity of weight change in this disease.

Following total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKR) only the 'visible' measured blood loss is usually known. This underestimates the 'true' total loss, as some loss is 'hidden'. Correct management of blood loss should take hidden loss into account. We studied 101 THAs and 101 TKAs (with re-infusion of drained blood). Following THA, the mean total loss was 1510 ml and the hidden loss 471 ml (26%). Following TKA, the mean total loss was 1498 ml. The hidden loss was 765 ml (49%). Obesity made no difference with either operation. THA involves a small hidden loss, the total loss being 1.3 times that measured. However, following TKA, there may be substantial hidden blood loss due to bleeding into the tissues and residual blood in the joint. The true total loss can be determined by doubling the measured loss.

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Levels of IGF-I, ratio of IGF-I/IGFBP-3, and insulin are associated with adenomas and even more so with advanced adenomas. These data support the hypothesis that insulin and IGF-I may contribute to the development and advancement of adenomatous polyps.

Background-Time trends in overweight and obesity in the general population have been well documented; however, temporal patterns in type 1 diabetes (T1D) have not been thoroughly investigated. We therefore assessed temporal patterns in overweight and obesity and predictors of weight change in 589 individuals from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) Study, a cohort of childhood onset T1D.