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J* 16 attitudes of burial of 72 skeletons excavated at seven sites in the Murray Valley 15 V u t0na between Mildura and the S. Australian border and at one site at Lake Victoria N.S.W., are described. The antiquity of the burials in Victoria is from 4,000 to 6,000 years B.P. Orientation varied widely, but the head was placed predominantly in a S. direction. Orientation at Lake Victoria was random, and the burials were comparatively recent. Extreme tooth wear to a helicoidal plane of occlusion was frequent. A unique burial with a widow's cap m place on the head is described. Cranial types are illustrated by reference to eight skulls. Methods of removing complete skeletons as they lay in situ are described the Chowilla dam some 30 km upstream from Renmark on the Murray River in S. Australia.Human skeletal remains were found widely distributed between Wentworth, N.S. Wales and the S. Australian border (Fig. 1), but the majority excavated came from eight burial sites.The modes of burial and attitudes of these skeletons together with their antiquity and related matters are the subject of this paper. Burial SitesOf the eight burial sites concerned, seven were S. of the Murray River in Victoria and one was on the NE. side of Lake Victoria in N.S. Wales. The locations of the burial sites are shown in Fig. 1 and details of the individual sites are plotted in Figs. 2-3.

Basement rocks of the Hare Bay Gneiss Complex and associated granitic intrusive rocks on the western side of Bonavista Bay, northeastern Newfoundland, are separated from clastic sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Avalon Zone (Love Cove and Musgravetown Groups) by a 300–500 m wide mylonite zone called the Dover Fault. The Dover Fault juxtaposes rocks of contrasting lithology and metamorphic, intrusive, and structural histories and represents the boundary between the Gander Zone and the Avalon Zone of the Newfoundland Appalachian System. Structural relationships across the fault zone indicate that early movement on the Dover Fault was contemporaneous with deformation of the Love Cove Group. Relationships elsewhere in the Avalon Zone indicate that the Love Cove Group was deformed in Hadrynian time and hence the Dover Fault was probably initiated as an Hadrynian structural feature, probably related to Hadrynian orogeny on the eastern side of the Appalachian system.

The Dover Fault forms a tectonic boundary between northern portions of the Gander and Avalon Zones of the Newfoundland Appalachians. A systematic geochronological investigation across the mylonitic fault zone has been carried out to clarify the origin and history of tectonic activity along this important Appalachian structure.Zircon fractions from the mylonitic Lockers Bay Granite (Gander Zone) record individually discordant U–Pb dates, but yield a well-defined upper concordia intercept age of 460 ± 20 Ma. Hornblende (1 sample) and biotite (11 samples) from variably mylonitic Gander Zone lithologies (plutonic and metamorphic) adjacent to the fault zone record undisturbed 40Ar/39Ar age spectra with plateau ages of 395 and 365–383 Ma, respectively. Together with field and petrographic characteristics, the new geochronologic data suggest that the Lockers Bay Granite originated as an anatectic melt during high-grade regional metamorphism of the country rock terrane at approximately 460 Ma. The crystal-rich magma was subsequently emplaced into its present position thereby producing local discordance with small-scale structures in host gneisses.Following its emplacement, the Lockers Bay Granite and country rock terrane were maintained at elevated postmetamorphic temperatures for a prolonged interval until they underwent rapid strain during Acadian (Devonian) juxtaposing of the northern Gander and Avalon Zones along the Dover Fault. Sudden Acadian uplift along the fault is suggested because of the rapid cooling of the northern Gander Zone through temperatures required for argon retention in hornblende and biotite. Post-mylonite brecciation may have locally affected argon isotopic systems of phyllitic lithologies adjacent to the fault zone in the study area.

Whereas rocks of the Avalon Zone in Newfoundland are in fault contact with those of the Gander Zone, rocks identifiable as equivalents of the Gander Zone in New Brunswick are separated from the Avalon Zone by a 65 km wide belt of Silurian, Ordovician, and older rocks. This belt, referred to as the Fredericton Zone, contains a number of fault bounded blocks, each containing contrasting depositional, structural, and metamorphic histories. It is concluded that the Gander/Avalon Zone boundary in southern New Brunswick has controlled the development of subsequent basins, which have been deformed by Taconic and Acadian movements. In Newfoundland, the same boundary has remained essentially inactive in Paleozoic times.