The reflection of an optical wave from a metal, arising from strong interactions between the optical electric field and the free carriers of the metal, is accompanied by a phase reversal of the reflected electric field. A far less common route to achieve high reflectivity exploits strong interactions

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A new type of metallic electromagnetic structure has been developed that is characterized by having high surface impedance. The geometry is analogous to a corrugated metal surface in which the corrugations have been folded up into lumped circuit elements, and distributed in a 2-D lattice. Although it is made of continuous metal, and conducts DC currents, it does not conduct AC currents within a forbidden frequency band. Unlike normal conductors, this new surface does not support propagating surface waves. Furthermore, image currents induced in the surface are not phase reversed as they are on a flat metal surface.

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