The results of cutting force measurements when machining materials which do not form a sizable unstable built-up-edge are compared with the results of a theoretical analysis. This analysis, based partly on the use of circular cylindrical surfaces of velocity discontinuity around the base of the tool, yields specific energy values which are uniquely determined by the value of the undeformed chip thickness in relation to the tool edge radius.

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The kinetic energies of the crank mechanism and anvil and flash material are considered in order to develop a relation between forging load and the velocity of the upper die. Theoretical results are compared with published data. The dynamics of flash formation are also considered. When a larger flywheel is used, forging loads may be calculated in terms of the changes in energy of the flywheel. Hence, the ratio of press capacity to forging load is an important factor in the mechanics of forging.

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