Wavelet processing has proved to be a viable technique for improving the resolution and character of seismic events. Substantial improvement in signal-to-noise ratio, better continuity and stability of events are obtained with this technique. As a result of this improvement a more meaningful stratigraphic interpretation is available to the geophysicist. Evidence of this improvement in data quality has been the close agreement between well data and wavelet processed data. This agreement is possible because the effects of ghosting, instrument and system responses are removed from the seismic data. Also, accurate stacking velocities obtained with this technique normally help to improve the primary-to-multiple ratio on the stacked sections. Owing to this technique there is increased stratigraphic resolution in marine data which has resulted in more reliable quantitative methods for relating the reflection coefficients and the polarity of reflections to lithology. Current subsurface modeling techniques and other recent developments along these lines are providing insights which are principally of a stratigraphic nature.
COVID‐19 lockdowns caused significant improvements in air quality in US states where traffic emissions are the main pollution source. In this study, we investigate the socioeconomic impacts of the COVID‐19‐related lockdowns in states which experienced the greatest changes in air quality, especially among different demographic populations and those with contraindications to health. We administered a 47‐question survey and collected 1,000 valid responses in these cities. Our results show that 74% of respondents within our survey sample had some level of concern regarding air quality. In agreement with previous literature, perceptions of air quality were not significantly correlated with measured air quality criteria but rather seemed to be influenced by other factors. Respondents in Los Angeles were the most concerned about air quality followed by Miami, San Francisco, and New York City. However, those from Chicago and Tampa Bay expressed the least amount of concern about air quality. Age, education, and ethnicity were all factors affecting peoples' concerns about air quality. Respiratory conditions, living in proximity to industrial areas, and financial impacts from the COVID‐19 lockdowns influenced concerns about air quality. About 40% of the survey sample reported greater concern for air quality during the pandemic, while approximately 50% stated that the lockdown didn’t affect their perception. Furthermore, respondents seemed concerned about air quality in general, not a specific pollutant, and are willing to adopt additional measures and more stringent policies to improve air quality in all investigated cities.
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