Resumen: En los últimos años existe un creciente interés por determinar los factores que inciden en el origen y el mantenimiento del burnout académico. En este contexto, en el presente trabajo se analiza la posible existencia de diferencias signifi cativas en el burnout experimentado por los estudiantes universitarios en función de su nivel de autoestima. La muestra está compuesta por 487 estudiantes de Fisioterapia de diversas universidades españolas, 354 mujeres (72.68%) y 133 varones (27.32%), con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 47 años (M = 21.28 y DT = 4.32). Para medir la autoestima, se utilizó la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg; para evaluar el burnout, se usó el Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Como procedimiento de análisis de datos, se efectuó un ANOVA de un factor, así como la d de Cohen. Los resultados de este trabajo ponen de manifi esto que, cuando los estudiantes tienen una baja autoestima, aparecen manifestaciones más claras de burnout. En cambio, cuanto mayor es la valoración que hacen de sí mismos, menores sínto-mas de agotamiento y despersonalización y mayores niveles de realización personal manifi estan los estudiantes. Dado el rol protector de la autoestima sobre el burnout, se incide en la importancia de potenciar la autoestima de los estudiantes como estrategia para prevenir la aparición del síndrome.
Our society has to address the issue of taking care of a large number of dependent individuals who are defined as 'people who, for reasons linked to the lack or loss of physical, mental or intellectual capacity, need assistance or important help in the realisation of activities of daily life' (MATS, 2005).Although this care can be given by friends and neighbours, it is the family system that provides it most frequently (86% of cases), and in more than half of homes, it is provided by one person only (López & Crespo, 2008). The provision of this continuing care of a dependent person, especially if they have dementia, is a situation which generates distress (Schulz & Martire, 2004), whose impact seems to be related more to the assessment made of the situation by the caregiver themselves, and to the personal resources available to manage it, than to the characteristics of the situation itself (López & Crespo, 2007). This distress, together with the high emotional burden involved in continuous care-giving, gives rise to negative consequences in several ways.From the social point of view, the provision of continuous care causes an increase in isolation, a worsening financial situation (Rodríguez et al., 2000) and a greater need for the use of medical services (Draper, Poulos, Cole, Poulos, & Ehrlich, 1992). Furthermore, continuous care also leads to a potential neglect of
The caregivers of dependent persons should benefit from social–health interventions that empower them. Physiotherapists can play an important role as facilitators of self-care learning by boosting the mind–body interaction. The aim of this study was to analyse the efficacy of a physiotherapeutic intervention centered on the promotion of self-care within a sample of caregivers, members of four Spanish Associations of Relative of Alzheimer's and other dementias. To fulfill the study goal, a pre-experimental study was developed with two different groups. Group 1 participated in four training sessions based exclusively on the communication of information and which addressed, among other aspects, the most frequent health problems in caregivers and the powerful role of self-care to face such problems. Group 2 received the same theoretical information as group 1, followed by 10 sessions of practical training in several concrete strategies of body–mind self-care. The results obtained support the usefulness of combining theoretical and practical training in mind–body strategies (relaxation, self-massage and stretching), as such combination managed to favor their implication to self-care and certain dimensions of psychological well-being, while attenuating the burden. Conversely, training based solely on theoretical approaches was not beneficial. Besides evidencing the usefulness of combining passive and active methodologies to favor self-care, the data provided calls for greater consideration of aspects close to philosophical perspectives like personal growth.
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