Context:Ultrasonography of thyroid gland is a frequently performed investigation. Many of the diffuse thyroid pathologies are associated with altered vascularity. In view of potential applications and scant available data, there is a need to find normal values of Doppler indices of superior thyroid artery (STA).Aims:To find the normal range of Doppler indices like mean peak systolic velocity (PSV), resistivity index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI) of STA in clinically euthyroid adult individuals.Settings and Design:Prospective cross-sectional observational study.Materials and Methods:A study was done in the Department of Radiodiagnosis of a tertiary care hospital, involving clinically euthyroid adult volunteers. Ultrasonography of the thyroid gland with Doppler of bilateral STAs was performed and mean values of PSV, RI, and PI were calculated.Results:A total of 208 subjects, with a mean age of 37.7 years, underwent Doppler evaluation of STA; 148 of them were women and 60 were men. The mean PSV obtained was 16.94 ± 5.3 cm/s. Mean PI and RI were 0.93 ± 0.31 and 0.5 ± 0.13, respectively. There was no significant difference in the values obtained among both the genders.Conclusion:Mean values of Doppler indices of STA in euthyroid individuals have been found in this study.

Context:Clinical details help radiologists report accurately. However, the clinical aspect has taken a backseat among radiologists, who are overdependent on referral notes. This leads to inaccurate assessment, financial burden, and loss of man hours.Aims:To re-emphasize the benefits of detailed clinical evaluation and real-time monitoring of imaging in interpreting images.Settings and Design:Prospective study.Materials and Methods:A study was done in the Department of Radiodiagnosis for 10 days, including all referred patients above 18 years of age. Detailed history taking and examination was done by radiologists prior to imaging. Any additional significant clinical detail was endorsed on the referral slips. Appropriate imaging modality under given circumstances was carried out. Imaging was studied by the radiologists, near simultaneously with the acquisition. Any additional imaging needed was performed on the same day. Comprehensive reports with specific outputs were provided. Wherever apt, imaging-guided management options were offered to the patients.Results:During the study, 1024 patients with mean age of 46.3 years underwent various types of imaging, including radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound scans, and fluoroscopic procedures. Additional clinical details were endorsed in referral slips in 32.4% patients, 53% of which helped in interpreting images appropriately. Primary imaging modality was changed in 3% patients. Additional imaging was done in 10.9% patients. 3.6% of patients underwent imaging-guided procedures.Conclusion:Detailed history taking and examination help radiologists in deciding appropriate imaging and better interpretation of images. This will also reduce the number of visits to the hospital and expenditure on part of patients.

AimsThe main purpose of this article is to conduct audit of clinical profile and outcomes of patients presenting with acute variceal bleed in a tertiary care hospital. Methods and Material This was a retrospective study of patients presenting with variceal bleed in a tertiary care center. Data were generated through a computerized electronic record system. Data of patients admitted for acute variceal bleed from August 2018 to December 2018 were collected and considered for analysis. Statistical analysis was done using the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0 version. Results Overall, 107 cases were analyzed. In 89.7% (96) cases, cirrhosis of liver was a cause of variceal bleed. Besides, 77.6% (83) patients had large esophageal varices. Five patients (4.7%) required glue injection. Rebleed rate in present study was 0.9%. Mortality due to variceal bleed was 9.3% (10). Acute rebleed (p = 0.002), low mean arterial pressure (MAP; p = 0.001), low platelet count (p = 0.001), high serum creatinine (p = 0.001), high serum total bilirubin (p = 0.001), high international normalized ratio (INR; p = 0.001), and higher model for end stage liver disease (p = 0.001) were associated with increased risk of mortality. Door to endoscopy time (<12 hours or 12-24 hours) did not affect the mortality rate (p = 0.699). Terlipressin given 24 hours after endotherapy is equally effective as terlipressin given 5 days after endotherapy. Conclusion Mortality due to acute variceal bleed can be reduced with timely intervention. Low MAP, low platelet count, higher serum bilirubin and creatinine, and higher INR are predictors of increased mortality due to variceal bleed. Endoscopy done within 12 to 24 hours of presentation did not affect the outcome. AbstractKeywords ► upper GI endoscopy ► gastroesophageal varices ► cirrhosis of liver