This article analyzes how competition in television broadcasting influences diversity of program supply. We argue that competition in oligopolistic broadcasting markets can take different forms, depending on the strategies adopted by broadcasters. We distinguish between moderate and ruinous competition, and discuss under what conditions these types of competition will emerge. We hypothesize that moderate competition improves diversity, whereas ruinous competition produces excessive sameness. We test these hypotheses for the Dutch television market.

This exploratory article builds upon industrial organization theory to discuss, clarify and tentatively predict how electronic publishing affects the performance of professional information markets in the Netherlands. First, it explains how the availability of low-cost electronic reproduction and distribution technologies initiates new entry and vertical disintegration in the professional information value chain. It then argues that traditional publishers use electronic publishing strategies to counter these threats and to regain control over professional information markets. It subsequently theorizes how these changes are likely to affect market performance. Finally, it predicts that electronic publishing is likely to improve performance of professional information markets, by reinforcing competition between traditional publishers that operate on information markets, and new entrants that operate on attention markets.

Scientists intermittently appear on television news as experts to inform

This article investigates how structure and conduct determine performance of the agricultural trade journal market in The Netherlands. It builds upon industrial organization theory and reviews relevant media market performance models. It shows how professional information prices and diversity follow from providers' strategic choices for lowest common denominator or product differentiation strategies. It attributes strategic choices to three underlying market structural characteristics, namely the balance between information and attention markets, concentration of information providers, and disintermediation. It concludes that prices and diversity, respectively, are determined by similar competitive relations but at different market levels.

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