Background: Accuracy of neonatal length measurement may be influenced by the reluctance of the measurer to forcefully extend both lower limbs against the normal flexor posture. On the other hand, during the first days after birth the measured length may increase because of the gradual decrease of the intrauterine state of flexion. Objective: To assess potential differences in discomfort during length measurement with one or both lower limbs extended and any variation in measured length within the first two days after birth.Methods: Seventy healthy full-term neonates born at Hospital Dona Estefânia were systematically sampled. Crown-heel length was measured using a 1 mm precision neonatometer, at circa 8 hours and 32 hours after birth, with one and both lower limbs completely extended. The Neonatal Facial Coding System was used to assess discomfort during measurements. Data were analyzed by parametric and nonparametric tests as appropriate.Results: Discomfort scores are significantly higher during length measurement than at baseline, whatever the measurement method. Whenever length measurements are performed, discomfort scores are significantly higher extending two rather than one lower limb (pϽ0.006). Measured length is higher with one lower limb extended, the difference decreases in time: at circa 32 hours of age 0.19 cm (95% CI: 0.1-0.3; pϭ0.000). No significant differences on length were found between measurements at circa 8 or 32 hours after birth, for both one and two lower limbs extended. The best correlation between measurements with one or two extended lower limbs was observed at circa 32 hours after birth (rϭ0.98). Conclusion:The best balance between the comfort of the neonate and the accuracy of crown-heel length measurement is achieved at circa 32 hours after birth extending one lower limb. OSMOLALITY OF PRETERM FORMULAS SUPPLEMENTED WITH GLUCOSE POLY-MERS AND MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES PortugalBackground: Addition of energy supplements to preterm formulas is a possible strategy to increase the enteral energy intake, without exceeding the protein intake or the potential renal solute load, in infants submitted to fluid restriction, such as in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. This manipulation of standard formulas may lead to undesirable increase in osmolality of feedings, 400 mOsm/kg is the maximum recommended limit. Objective: To measure the osmolality of some commercialized preterm formulas supplemented with glucose polymers (PG) and medium chain triglycerides (MCT).Methods: Osmolality was measured by freezing point depression. Powdered formulas Aptamil Prematil® (NumicoMilupa), Enfamil Premature® (Mead-Johnson), Nenatal® (Numico-Nutricia) Nutribén Bajo Peso® (Alter) and Pre Nan® (Nestlé), at concentrations of 14g/100ml (14%) and 16g/100ml (16%), and the liquid formula Humana 0® (Humana) were analyzed. All powdered formulas at both mentioned concentrations, and the liquid formula, were supplemented with 10% (low supplementation -LS) and 20% (high supplementation -HS) of calories, respectively, as PG (Mod...