No abstract

Greenhouse farming is considered as one of the most scientific approaches in agriculture, which are suitable for all climatic conditions, especially in Middle East, North America, and Europe. Sustainable greenhouses are innovative farming facilities for healthy vegetables and fruits in a controlled, conditioned indoor space. This article presents a literature review on the upgradation of a conventional to a sustainable greenhouse using modern engineering concept. This includes maintaining fully controlled indoor conditions such as temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity for specific agronomical parameters. The influence and improvements in upgradation of various heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) with the associated control systems and covering materials to reduce the energy consumption have been reviewed. Financial viability of conventional as well as upgraded greenhouses is highlighted. In Middle East climatic conditions, the major challenge is to control the optimal range of temperature (18–21°C), relative humidity (55 to 75%), and air velocity (0–1.3 m/s). It is found that the upgraded HVAC systems with climate control modules can increase the crop yield by 30%. Scientifically selected polycarbonate sheet covering materials are also found to increase the crop yield by up to 15% more than the conventional commercial greenhouses.

Fluid power transmission has caught the eye in recent times, in the field of wind turbine technology. The turbine rotor blades tend to yield an aerodynamic torque, which is transformed into a high pressure fluid through a pump. This fluid is utilized to generate speed and torque yet again at the distant end of the circuit. The paramount objective of this research is to obtain a virtually operating dynamic model of a hydraulic powered transmission in a wind turbine, in order to understand its dynamic behaviour and also, to obtain knowledge about the influence of the prime parameters on the wind turbine. To accomplish this task, a virtual hydraulic powered wind turbine system is designed with a power rating of 23KW. The process is virtually simulated on the AUTOMATION STUDIO software (version 6.2). The intelligent control strategy used in the present work is based on fuzzy logic that uses human intelligence for a particular desired outcome. The effectiveness of the recommended controller is contrasted with that of a conventional PID controller in the following paper.

Fluid power transmission for wind turbines is quietly gaining more interest. The aerodynamic torque of the rotor blades is converted into a pressurized fluid flow by means of a positive displacement pump. At the other end of the fluid power circuit, the pressurized flow is converted back to torque and speed by a hydraulic motor. The goal of this paper is to develop a general dynamic model of a fluid power transmission for wind turbines, in order to gain better insight on the dynamic behavior and to explore the influence of the main design parameters. A fluid power transmission is modeled for a wind turbine with 1MW rated power capacity. This mathematical model can be used for simulation of the process using AUTOMATION STUDIO 5.2. Further the model has been approximated as a transfer function model using system identification toolbox available in MATLAB software. Neural network based predictive control (NPC) is applied to the mid-sized hydrostatic wind turbine model for maximizing power capture. The effectiveness of NPC is compared with PI controller.