Криоконсервирование спермы является приоритет-ным методом сохранения биоразнообразия осетровых рыб. Для получения успешных воспроизводимых результатов необходима разработка новых и совершен-ствование существующих технологий низкотемпера-турного консервирования спермы. Цель настоящей работы -криоконсервирование спермы стерляди Acipencer ruthenus.Самцов выдерживали в термоконтейнере с искусст-венным подогревом воды. Температуру на протяжении 21 суток повышали на 0,5°С в сутки, имитируя таким образом природные условия нереста. На момент про-ведения стимулирующих инъекций и получения половых продуктов температура воды составляла 14,3°С. Качество спермы определяли по уровню подвижности сперма-тозоидов: нативной спермы, после разбавления ее криозащитным раствором и после отогрева. Сперму криоконсервировали в гранулах (0,05-0,1 мл) и ампулах (0,5 и 1,5 мл) по трехэтапной программе [Копейка Е.Ф., 1986] с использованием сред различного состава.Высокие показатели выживаемости сперматозоидов (подвижность на уровне 75-80%) были получены при использовании криозащитного раствора, в состав которого входили KCl, сахароза, глицин, ДМСО (конечная концентрация 9%). В связи с установленным негативным влиянием ДМСО на генетический аппарат [Horvath A., 2005] он был заменен на метанол. При использовании среды, содержащей KCl, сахарозу, глицерин, метанол в конечной концентрации 5%, подвижность отогретой спермы составляла 40-45%. При повышении концентра-ции метанола до 7,5% подвижность увеличилась до 50-55%. Положительный эффект был получен после замены KCl на КНСО 3 и добавления в среду креатина: подвиж-ность достигла 60-65%. Более высокие показатели были отмечены после модификации среды плазмой крови карася, полученной в зимнее время; модификация среды антифризными белками, выделенными из личинок морозостойкого хрущака Tenebrio molitor, не оказала заметного влияния. Результаты оплодотворения, оцененные на стадии 2-3-го деления, во всех опытных образцах составили 50-55% и осеменения нативной спермой -80-85%.Таким образом, показана целесообразность исполь-зования криозащитных сред на основе метанола для низкотемпературного консервирования спермы стер-ляди.Cryopreservation of sperm is of importance to preserve the biodiversity of sturgeons. For successful reproducible results it is necessary to develop the new technologies of sperm low-temperature preservation and improve the existing ones. The purpose of this work was to cryopreserve the sperm of Acipencer ruthenus sterlets.The males were kept in the insulated container with artificial heating of water. Over 21 days the temperature was increased by 0.5°C a day, thus mimicking the natural spawning conditions. At the time of stimulating injections and obtaining the sexual products the water temperature was 14.3°C. Semen quality was determined by the level of sperm motility in native sperm, the sperm after diluting with cryoprotectant solution and after thawing. Sperm were cryopreserved in granules (0.05-0.1 ml) and vials (0.5 and 1.5 ml) according to a three-stage program [Kopeika Ye.F....

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It was conducted comprehensive ichthyological and ichthyopatological research of European perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) populations in lakes of Shatsk National Nature Park and the impact of Triaenophorus nodulosus invasion on its size, weight and reproductive ability. Morphometric analysis, absolute and relative fecundity of fish were determined by the methods generally accepted in ichthyology. Clinical examination of fish (2,225 specimens, including European perch -1650 specimens) was performed during control catches. Simultaneously, the weight, size, and age of the fish were determined. Morphometric analysis was performed on 120 specimens of perch with the length of 104.4-194.8 mm and the weight of 16.4-177.6 g. Pathoanatomic autopsy of the fish was performed in the field and laboratory conditions. Parasitological studies were performed by the method of incomplete parasitological analysis. The extent and intensity of the invasion were determined. When conducting research on the parasitofauna of native fish species in the lakes of the Shatsk National Nature Park, it was found their infestation with helminths of various systematic positions (Triaenophorus nodulosus, Khawia sinensis, Raphidascaris. acus, and Philometroides lusiana). Perch was the most infected with the helminths. The invasion caused by the plerocercoid of Cestoda T. Nodulosus was the most intensive (18.2-56.3%, depending on the reservoir). There was a significant difference in the measurements of non-infested and infested with T. nodulosus fish individuals of the same age, we also registered significant lag in growth and a decrease in body weight among the infested specimens. A steady trend towards a decrease in fecundity parameters was also observed in infested fish. Thus, in non-infested individuals of 4-year perch, the highest individual absolute fecundity (IAF) was 6.7 thousand eggs against 3.1 thousand eggs in the infested perch (Lucimer lake). The lowest IAF – 3.9 thousand eggs against 2.0 thousand eggs in the infested perch specimesn was found in Chorne Velyke lake. In non-infested individuals of 5-year perch, the highest IAF index was 9.4 thousand eggs when compared to 6.8 thousand in the infested perch (Pulemetske lake). The lowest IAF was 6.3 thousand eggs (Chorne Velyke lake). The highest IAF was recorded in perch from Pulemetske lake (34.6 thousand eggs in non-infested versus 10.3 thousand eggs in infested specimens). The lowest IAF was observed in perch from Chorne Velyke lake (9.1 and 6.6 thousand eggs, respectively). There was decrease in fish size, weight and fecundity in perch infested with Tr. nodulosus, but it did not affect the reproductive fish ability.

Purpose. Rearing of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a promising area of aquaculture, the development of which in Ukraine and the world is constrained by several factors. Spawning, egg incubation, lack of a stable source of supply of fish seeds – these and other problems, as well as the importance of such studies form a basis for finding approaches for their solution and conducting new large-scale studies. This area attracts attention of scientists, there are certain results and achievements; however, they are still not enough to solve the problems of artificial reproduction of the European eel. Findings. The authors revised, analysed and systematized literature sources focused on the study of the European eel. As a result, it was possible to identify the main achievements and shortcomings in this area, which are promising for further study. In addition, we identified some obstacles faced by scientists and analysed available methods for their solving. Practical value. This review can be used to stimulate new studies and technological development towards industrial cultivation of eel in Ukraine, which will allow reducing the impact on natural populations of this species and stabilize its number in the natural environment. In addition, the authors of the article intend to draw attention of scientists and manufacturers to the perspectives and problems of growing and studying the European eel. Key words: European eel, glass eel, leptocephali, migration, Sargasso Sea, cultivation, fish seeds.

Загальновідомо, що населення планети Земля зростає, а ресурсів, зокрема води та їжі, стає дедалі менше. І якщо на теренах України екологічний аспект не є разюче гострим, то беззаперечно, що таким є економічний. Отже, головною метою як науковця, так і підприємця є пошук шляху, що дозволив би вирішити проблему мінімізації витрачених ресурсів при максимізації отриманої високоякісної продукції. Саме тут у пригоді стануть знання з культивування кормових та їстівних гідробіонтів, як у промислових масштабах, так і з огляду на дрібне фермерське підприємство.