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Nano-ZnO can be used as the tracer material to mark the asphalt, and the dispersion of nano-ZnO in the asphalt has an important impact on the mark effect; thus, it is important to study the dispersion state of nano-ZnO in asphalt. In order to achieve this goal, a method of sample preparation to make the nano-ZnO particle exposed to the asphalt surface, and a method for evaluating the dispersion state of nano-ZnO based on digital image processing technique, were put forward in this paper. In this quantitative evaluation system, scanning electron microscope and IPP software were used to scan the sample and output data; area ratio variation coefficient, number variation coefficient, and average particle size of nano-ZnO particle were used to evaluate the dispersion of nano-ZnO. Besides that, through the research of the dispersion state, the optimal dispersion conditions of nano-ZnO in asphalt were found out in this paper.