Apple pomace was subjected to a mild alkaline degradation that yielded an cu-cellulosic fraction of approximately 26% of the untreated dry matter. Extraction by various aqueous solvents yielded water-dispersible, uronide fractions comprising 10 -

Spent grain liquor, a brewery waste, was used as a fermentation medium for the production of citric acid by Aspergilhs foetidus (formerly called A. niger NRRL 337.) The yields of citric acid varied from 3.5-12.3g/liter of the waste fermented, depending on the samples. On the basis of the reducing sugar consumed, the yields ranged from 42-58s. The added nitrogen compounds increased mycelial growth and the consumption of sugar, but markedly reduced the amount of citric acid formed. The addition of phosphate (KH,PO,) appeared to have little effect on mycelial growth and citric acid production. Methanol in concentrations of 2-4s markedly increased the formation of citric acid from the waste. There was a reduction in mycelial growth associated with the use of methanol.

Dried grape and apple press-cakes were converted to carbon products by low-temperature pyrolysis. The calorific value of these products was determined and compared with that of a commercial barbeque briquet. The gross heat of combustion of grape and apple charcoal briquets was approximately 90% of that for the commercial briquet, while the dried press-cakes contained approximately 65%. The thermolytic reactions generally augmented the fuel value of the dried press-cakes by 37-45%.The press-cake that remains after juice from crushed grapes and apples has been extracted is presently a wasted