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Background: CNS-disability in HIV-infected subjects is significantly involved in the morbidity and mortality. Pathologies include direct HIV-1 brain infection, opportunistic infections, and malignancies. Objective: Analysis of all cases of CNS-related mortality in HIV-1infected persons from HIV centers was performed in the Czech Republic in the period from 1985-to March 2015. Patients and methods: Retrospective case-to-case data analysis using in total 336 patients´files was performed and the structure of 65 lethal cases of HIV/AIDS patients was analyzed. Their autopsies were conducted in regional hospitals in the Czech Republic and the patients' data were anonymized. An Institutional Review Board (IRB) has waived the requirement for their formal approval of the study. Results: In the period from 1985to March 2015, the Czech Republic registered 2812 HIV-positive persons. 473 of them met the Abstracts / Journal of the Neurological Sciences 357 (2015) e193-e214 e210