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All fruit tree populations along with the service tree (Sorbus domestica L.) population offer a wealth of diverse genetic material which is essential for the selection and creation of new cultivars and rootstocks. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the service tree population in Eastern Serbia in order to single out good selections whose fruit can be used fresh or processed in the human diet, as well as genotypes suitable for the development of new cultivars and rootstocks. The service tree population was analyzed for tree age, tree size and major fruit properties (shape, size and soluble solids content). Small-sized, medium to large and large fruits ranging in weight from 7.5-9.8 g, 10.3-18.6 g and 21.7-25.6 g were found in 52.3%, 41.1% and 6.60% trees, respectively, within the test population. Fruit length was 18.6-33.4 mm, fruit thickness 22.8-37.4 mm, stalk length 1.8-3.7 mm, soluble solids content 15.7-22.5%. The study also presents properties of some superior trees which require greater attention in terms of propagation, collection activities and commercial cultivation. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 20013A

An efficient in vitro shoot regeneration method from leaf explants of apple cultivars Golden Delicious and Melrose by optimization of regeneration medium, explant type and orientation, dark pre-treatment, and gelling agent is presented. Murashige and Skoog’s regeneration medium containing 22 μM thidiazuron (TDZ) and 1.5 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (M2 medium) was superior for regeneration as well as for subsequent shoot multiplication in both cultivars, providing regeneration frequency of 95% or higher in the best combination with other factors. Pre-incubation in the dark proved to be an essential factor for regeneration. The use of agar as a gelling agent provides satisfactory regeneration frequency compared with media gelled with PhytagelTM. Leaf explants of cv. Melrose with adaxial surface in contact with M2 medium and those of cv. Golden Delicious orientated contrary regenerated the highest mean number of shoots per explant. Under optimal conditions, a maximal index of shoot-forming capacity of 11.44 and 6.30 for ‘Melrose’ and ‘Golden Delicious’, respectively, was achieved. Regenerated shoots were successfully rooted and acclimated ex vitro.

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