Introduction 4 Background 7 Site summaries 40 Preliminary scientific assessment 45 References

The best precaution is to ensure that the operating temperature is constant during measurements, and preferably cool, and that sensor and samples have time to reach an equilibrium temperature. This may be more difficult when operating in the field. Wet ConditionsCaution: These instruments are protected against the ingress of moisture but operation in very wet conditions should be avoided.Note: Some sensors can be operated while submerged in water: see product brochure for further information. Noise and Interference CheckCaution: These instruments should not be operated close to high power radio transmitters, heavy electrical machinery, computers, or other electrical or magnetic equipment. Note:The unit is unlikely to be affected by interference from other equipment in the normal operating environment. However, by their nature the sensors are susceptible to electromagnetic interference and operation close to a radio frequency source with a frequency close to the operating frequency of the sensor should be avoided. It is important to position the sensor to minimise interference and obtain the best performance.Select the normal sensitivity, x1.0 range. With no sample present, first press the 'Z' button and then select continuous measurements on the 'M' toggle switch. If fluctuations of greater than ±1 least significant digit per reading appear on the display then external electrical noise should be suspected. In this case the only solution is to re-site the equipment.Before using the laboratory sensors, first check the selected area for freedom from large ferrous objects by moving the sensor and watching for any changes on the display.

Examples of natural folds growing in a homogenous mechanical stratigraphy of alternating competent and incompetent thin layers of fine‐ and coarse‐grained sediments are examined, and the fold growth process is quantified. Our analysis reveals that the overall response to loading of siliciclastic sequences corresponds to that of flexural flow and parallel‐to‐bedding heterogeneous pure shear. Folds start out as low‐amplitude sinusoidal disturbances that rapidly become finite‐amplitude folds of heterogeneous strain. We also derive the following scaling relations: (i) degree of amplification scales with both the height above the detachment and strain, (ii) wavelength selectivity broadens with increasing strain, and (iii) deposition of syn‐sedimentary geometries is function of strain. These relations are a natural consequence of idealized area‐preserving laws of fold growth. From these results we devise a method to estimate fold strain by means of an amplitude versus depth diagram. We are also able to define a progression of fold shape change as a function of the fundamental parameter strain. Initially, structures grow by limb rotation and the selective amplification of a single dominant wavelength giving rise to sinusoidal folds. When strain reaches ~8%, softening/plastic yielding around hinges results in the development of sharp fold profiles. Limbs lock their dips at 35°–45°, suggesting that growth in this stage is permitted by hinge mobility along ramps and blind faults. Moreover, hinge migration causes fold development to accelerate spontaneously. These findings suggest that conclusions relating periods of accelerated erosion/uplift in contractional structures to tectonic processes should be treated with caution.

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Background and objectives 8 Operations 14 Lithostratigraphy 26 Igneous petrology and alteration 37 Structural geology 39 Biostratigraphy 42 Paleomagnetism 50 Inorganic geochemistry 54 Organic geochemistry 62 Microbiology 65 Petrophysics 77 References