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Here we report the occurrence of the two non-native brown macroalgal species Sargassum horneri (Turner) C. Agardh and Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar in San Diego County and describe expansions in their ranges and new invasions on the California and Baja California coasts. Both species have exhibited characteristics of successful invaders: establishing in new areas, spreading locally, and persisting through multiple generations in areas that have been invaded. These species now occur primarily in harbors, but have also invaded open coast sites, suggesting that they can invade areas with relatively high wave action and with well-established native benthic communities. The rapid and uncontrolled spread of these species to date has serious implications for their expansion along the west coast of North America. The ecological and economic consequences of these invasions require further research.

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The Working Group on Eel of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) regularly reports that a significant amount of stocked eels in Europe was pregrown in aquaculture farms prior to stocking-so called "farmed eels." The ICES advices chemical marking of stocked recruits to ensure their traceability throughout all life stages. To date, however, there was a lack of knowledge concerning the most suitable chemical substance and its application on farmed eels. The aim of this study was to fill this gap by presenting successful attempts of marking those eels with alizarin red S (ARS). An ARS concentration of 150 mg L −1 buffered with 150 mg L −1 Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane applied as an immersion bath over 9 h was sufficient to mark a total of 3572 kg of farmed eels (6.5-8.0 g mean body weight). The marking success was 100% on otoliths and highest stocking density of up to 67.1 kg m −3 (corresponding 54.0 kg m −2 ) turned out to have no effect on mortality which was consistently below 1%.