Cattle grazing activity in oil palm plantation is known to cause the loss of non-crop vegetation and may affect species richness and abundance of predatory insect. The objective of this research was to study the effect of regeneration time after grazing on species richness, abundance, and species composition of predatory insects in oil palm-cattle integrated plantation. Predatory insects were collected from 3 grazed blocks and 3 ungrazed blocks of oil palm plantation. The observations were conducted at 4 periods i.e. 1 day before cattle grazing activity, 30 d after grazing, 60 d after grazing, and 90 d after grazing. The result of this research showed that regeneration time after cattle grazing activity does not affect species richness but caused a decrease in abundance and changes in species composition of Reduviidae at 30 d after grazing. The most dominant morphospecies are Cosmolestes sp. and Reduviidae sp. 4. Recovery of understorey vegetation after 90 d provide a stable ecosystem for Reduviidae recolonization.

Cattle grazing on oil palm plantation (agropastoral) has the potential to increase biodiversity by providing new habitats and providing foods for invertebrates. Dung beetles use the cattle’s dung for food and to lay eggs. The aim of this research is to study the effect of cattle grazing on oil palm plantation toward the diversity, abundance and ecosystem services of dung beetles. The research was conducted in the oil palm plantation of PT. Astra Agro Lestari Tbk. Central Kalimantan Province. Samplings were done on 6 oil palm blocks (4 plots on each block) consisting of 3 blocks that have been grazed by cattle (agropastoral) and 3 blocks that were not grazed (non-agropastoral). Samplings were done using baited pitfall traps and dung removal test. The treatments were replicated 4 times (0, 4, 8 and 12 wk). In total 24 species belonging to 5 genera and 11 019 individuals dung beetle have been collected. The most diverse group were genera from Onthophagus (16 species; 66.7% of collected species) and follow by Aphodius (4 species; 16.6%), Catharsius (2 species; 8.3%), Panelus (1 species; 4.2%) and Oniticellus (1 species; 4.2%). The result showed that the diversity of dung beetle was the same in agropastoral and non-agropastoral, but the abundance was 4 times higher in agropastoral habitat. Dung removal in non-agropastoral was 16% higher than agropastoral. Overall the result showed that cattle grazing has increased dung beetle population, although it has no effect on the diversity and ecosystem service of dung beetle.

Non crop vegetation provides a microclimate, alternative host and food source (nectar) for Parasitic Hymenoptera community. Oil palm-cattle integration system may reduce understorey non crop vegetation and also affects community structure of parasitic Hymenoptera. The aim of this research is to study effects of cattle integration on non-crop vegetation and on diversity, abundance as well as species composition of Parasitic Hymenoptera community. Ecological sampling was carried out on six oil palm blocks consisting of three blocks with cattle grazing and three blocks without cattle grazing. Vegetation analyses were carried out at four different times, namely (1) before cattle grazing, (2) 30 days, (3) 60 days, and (4) 90 days after cattle grazing. Parasitic Hymenoptera were surveyed using sweeping net, yellow pan trap, and malaise trap. Vegetation analysis was carried out using the 2m x 2m quadrant method in three areas of oil palm plantations, namely path between palms, frond pile (gawangan mati) and harvesting path (pasar pikul). In total 4273 individuals were collected belonging to 185 morphospecies, 24 families, and 9 superfamilies. The results of this study indicate changing structure of non-crop vegetation community due to grazing activity does not significantly affect parasitic Hymenoptera diversity, but increases abundance and affect species composition. The proportion of flowering herbs in oil palm plantations plays a key role in affecting the diversity of parasitic Hymenoptera.

The diversity of hymenopteran parasitoid wasps is influenced by the presence of the host, the number and type of flowering vegetation as a food source for adult parasitoids. This study aims to determine the effect of reducing non-crop vegetation by cattle grazing disturbances on the impact of beneficial ecosystem services, especially parasitoids wasp in oil palm plantations. This disturbance phenomenon is important to study, so that it can see the response of each parasitoid wasp due to reduced vegetation and become the basis for strategies for habitat enrichment in oil palm plantations. Sampling was carried out in six blocks, including six oil palm blocks consisting of three blocks with non-plant vegetation disturbance and three blocks without disturbance. Insect collection uses yellow pot traps, malaise traps, and sweeping nets. In total, 4273 individuals belonging to 185 morphospecies, 24 families, and 9 superfamilies were collected from all sampling methods. The diversity and abundance of Hymenopteran parasitoids wasp are strongly influenced by the presence or absence of non-plant vegetation, especially flowering herbs. The reduced non-crop vegetation was followed by a decrease in the population of several Hymenopteran parasitoid wasps both in terms of abundance and richness.