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Background: Orobanche crenata (Broomrape) is an obligate root parasitic weed belonging to Orobanchaceae. It causes a great damage to legume crops. Many attempts have been done in order to control this parasitic weed. So, the aim of this work is to study the allelopathic potentiality of Eruca sativa seed powder (Essp) in comparison to the herbicidal effect of Basamid (Dazomet) treatments in controlling Orobanche crenata (O. crenata) and their effect on growth and yield of two Vicia faba cultivars. Materials/methods: Two pot experiments were conducted in the greenhouse of the National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt, in the two successive winter seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017. Treatments were applied by incorporating Essp to the soil at (15, 30, and 45 g/kg soil) and Basamid treatments at 0.2 and 0.4 g/pot. Results: All Essp concentrations used as well as Basamid treatments minimized to great extent, the number of O. crenata tubercles/pot, and the fresh and the dry weight of O. crenata tubercles/pot (g) infecting both V. faba cultivars at 90 days after sowing (DAS) and at harvest. The best results for controlling O. crenata infesting both V. faba cultivars were recorded with both 45 g/kg soil Essp concentration and 0.4 g/pot Basamid treatments. On the other side, both V. faba cultivars growth as well as yield and yield attributes were significantly increased with all Essp concentrations used and Basamid treatments when compared to their corresponding infected control. Essp at 45 g/kg soil and 0.4 g/pot Basamid treatments gave the highest increases which exceed than their corresponding healthy control. Conclusion: The presence of the allelochemicals mainly glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in Essp could play an important role, as a natural selective bioherbicide, in controlling the parasitic O. crenata weed infecting V. faba cultivars and increasing the yield.

Background: Orobanche ramosa (Broomrape) is an obligate root parasite belonging to Orobanchaceae. It causes a great damage to tomato plants. Several attempts have been done in order to control this parasitic weed. So, the aim of this work is to study the allelopathic efficiency of Eruca sativa (Essp) and Sinapis alba (Sasp) seed powder in comparison to the herbicidal effect of Basamid (Dazomet) treatment in controlling Orobanche ramosa (O. ramosa) infesting Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) as well as their effect on Lycopersicon esculentum plant growth and yield. Materials/methods: Two pot experiments were performed in the greenhouse of the National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt, during two successive winter seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018. Treatments were applied by incorporating E. sativa (Essp) and S. alba (Sasp) seed powder to the soil at (5, 10, 15, 30, and 45 g/kg soil) concentration and Basamid treatment at 0.2 g/pot. Results: The results indicated that no O. ramosa infestation on Lycopersicon esculentum appeared with all Essp and Sasp concentrations except with the lowest concentration (5 g/kg soil) that reduced O. ramosa tubercles dry weight at 100 days from transplanting (DFT) to about 48.4 and 42.0%, respectively, as compared to the infected control. Lycopersicon esculentum growth as well as its yield and yield components were significantly increased with Basamid treatment at 0.2 g/pot and all Essp and Sasp concentrations (5-45 g/kg soil) except some parameters with the lowest concentration (5 g/kg soil) of both materials used when compared with their corresponding infected control. The highest yield, which exceeds the yield of the healthy control, was obtained by using both Essp and Sasp at concentrations 45 followed by 30 g/kg. Conclusion: The allelopathic efficiency of Essp and Sasp is due to the presence of allelochemicals, mainly glucosinolates and phenolic compounds which could play an important role, as a natural selective bioherbicide.

Background: It is well known that legume and other crops such as pea, faba bean, lentil, chick pea, and several other crops are susceptible to Orobanche crenata (broomrape) infestation. There is a direct relationship between O. crenata infestation and yield losses depending on the severity of infestation, the crop sensitivity, the planting date, and the different prevailing environmental factors. So, the present investigation aims to evaluate the allelopathic potentiality of the seed powder of the Brassicaceae plants (Eruca sativa and Sinapis alba) in controlling O. crenata infesting Pisum sativum plants. Materials/methods: Two greenhouse experiments were held during two consecutive winter seasons to study the allelopathic effect of Eruca sativa (Essp) and Sinapis alba (Sasp) seed powder and compare it with recommended Basamid (Dazomet) herbicide treatment in controlling O. crenata infesting Pisum sativum as well as their effect on P. sativum growth, yield, and yield attributes. The treatments were conducted by mixing the seed powder of E. sativa (Essp) or S. alba (Sasp) to the soil at 12.5, 25.0, 37.5, and 50 g/kg soil as well as Basamid herbicide at 0.2 g/pot. Results: The recorded results show that both Essp and Sasp at successive rates as well as Basamid treatment scored a great inhibition in dry weight of O. crenata tubercles infesting P. sativum plants at 55 days after sowing (DAS) and at harvest. The highest rate (50 g/kg) of both applied seed powder achieved the highest level of controlling O. crenata investigated weed. Growth as well as yield and yield attributes of P. sativum increased by the application of Essp and Sasp especially at the lowest rates in comparison with infected control. Conclusion: The lowest rates (12.5 and 25 g/kg soil) of both Essp and Sasp were the optimum applied treatments that suppressed O. crenata weed with the highest yield of P. sativum as compared with the healthy control. Glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in both seed powder may be the main active allelochemical which could be considered as a natural bioherbicide for controlling the O. crenata parasitic weed that infests P. sativum and reflected in turn on the plant yield by increase.

Background: Faba bean weeds are considered as serious pests that lead to pronounced damages to its agricultural production since they consume water and nutrients from the soil, reducing not only the yield but also the quality of the crops. So, the aim of this investigation is to control the weeds associated with faba bean plants. Materials/methods: Two pot experiments were carried out during two successive winter seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 in the greenhouse of the National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. Treatments were applied by incorporating the dry leaf powder of Ficus nitida to the soil surface of pots at the rate of (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 g/kg soil). Results: All concentrations used pronouncedly decreased the fresh and dry weight of both Phalaris minor and Malva parviflora. On the other hand, Vicia faba growth as well as its yield and yield components were increased with most concentrations used as compared to their mixed controls. Treatments of 20, 30, and 40 g/kg soil, from F. nitida leaf powder, respectively recorded the highest increases in the most growth characters of V. faba with both weeds (P. minor and M. parviflora) at the two growth ages when compared to the healthy control. Also, the best results in all V. faba yield components were recorded with 20 g/kg soil of F. nitida treatment. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate the possibility of using the allelopathic activity of the leaf powder of Ficus nitida as a selective bioherbicide for controlling annual weeds accompanied Vicia faba plants.