The protective effects against drought stress of the endophytic bacterium Bacillus subtilis 10-4 were measured by studying the priming response in two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)—Ekada70 (E70) and Salavat Yulaev (SY)—lines, tolerant and susceptible to drought, respectively. B. subtilis 10-4 improved germination and growth parameters under normal conditions in both cultivars with the most pronounced effect observed in cv. E70. Under drought conditions, B. subtilis 10-4 significantly ameliorated the negative impact of stress on germination and growth of cv. E70, but had no protective effect on cv. SY. B. subtilis 10-4 induced an increase in the levels of photosynthetic chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl b, and carotenoids (Car) in the leaves of cv. E70, both under normal and drought conditions. In cv. SY plants, bacterial inoculation decreased the contents of Chl a, Chl b, and Car under normal conditions, but pigment content were almost recovered under drought stress. B. subtilis 10-4 increased water holding capacity (WHC) of cv. E70 (but did not affect this parameter in cv. SY) and prevented the stress-induced decline in WHC in both cultivars. Notably, B. subtilis 10-4 increased endogenous salicylic acid (SA) concentration in both cultivars, especially in cv. E70. Moreover, B. subtilis 10-4 reduced drought-induced endogenous SA accumulation, which was correlated with the influence of endophyte on growth, indicating a possible involvement of endogenous SA in the implementation of B. subtilis-mediated effects in both cultivars. Overall, B. subtilis 10-4 inoculation was found to increase drought tolerance in seedlings of both cultivars, as evidenced by decreased lipid peroxidation, proline content, and electrolyte leakage from tissues of wheat seedlings primed with B. subtilis 10-4 under drought conditions.

The paper states that the extraction of some flavonoids from air-dry raw alfalfa with 70% alcohol-water solution was carried out. The quantitative determination of some flavonoids content in the obtained extracts and dietary supplement "Eracond" by HPLC method was carried out. The content of flavonoids in alfalfa ranges from 0.004 mg/g naringenin to 0.29 mg/g from dry basis mass in naringin, and it ranges from 0.007 mg/g of quercetin to 0.50 mg/g from dry mass in naringin in "Erakond". A higher level of quercetin (0.12 mg/g) was revealed in alfalfa harvested in June (first cut) relative to its content (0.08 ± 0.002) in alfalfa of the second cut. The content of dihydroquercetin (0.007 ± 0.0004 mg/g) and fisetin (0.04 mg/g) in the medicinal plant raw material harvested in August (L-2) decrease in relation to alfalfa harvested in June, where similar indicators were 0.088 ± 0.009 mg/g and 0.08 ± 0.003 mg/g, respectively. The phenolic compounds identified in alfalfa should be considered as promising pathogenetically substantiated agents in the complex therapy of pathologies involving the application of inhibitors of free radical processes.

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