This research aims to produce independent learning materials in the form of an electronic module using a cooperative model the Assisted Individualization Team (TAI) type equipped with HOTS questions in a dynamic fluid material. The method used in this study is the development research with developmental stages of ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The cooperative model type Assisted Individualization Team (TAI) has five learning stages: team formation, initial test, group learning, final test, and scoring. This electronic module is equipped with HOTS questions, where HOTS is a high-level thinking skill that includes three indicators, including analyzing skills (C4), evaluating (C5), and creating (C6). The results of the validation of the due diligence of the electronic module by media experts gained a score of 82.60%, the validation in the material aspect by the material experts gained score of 79.92%, the learning experts obtained 87.92%, and the calculation of n-gain test was 0.48 which means moderate category. These scores mean that the electronic physics module using cooperative model Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) type is equipped with HOTS questions in dynamic fluid materials as independent teaching material.

An smartphone application which are used as learning material on the subject of temperature and heat have been developed. The development process is carried out using research and development methods with reference to the Analysis-Design-Development-Development-Implementation-Evaluation development model. The novelty of learning material that was developed was to use inquiry-based learning in the writing system. In addition, the learning material which developed also includes questions that refer to higher-order thinking. The results of the validity tests show the adequacy of the learning materials with the level of difficulty of the learning materials in high school. The learning material has been tested in SMA 16 Jakarta. The test results show an increase in learning outcomes shown by the gain score of 0.4.