The ability of solid oxides to conduct oxide ions has been known for more than a century, and fast oxide-ion conductors (or oxide electrolytes) are now being used for applications ranging from oxide fuel cells to oxygen pumping devices. To be technologically viable, these oxide electrolytes must exhibit high oxide-ion mobility at low operating temperatures. Because of the size and interaction of oxygen ions with the cationic network, high mobility can only be achieved with classes of materials with suitable structural features. So far, high mobility has been observed in only a small number of structural families, such as fluorite, perovskites, intergrowth perovskite/Bi2O2 layers and pyrochlores. Here we report a family of solid oxides based on the parent compound La2Mo2O9 (with a different crystal structure from all known oxide electrolytes) which exhibits fast oxide-ion conducting properties. Like other ionic conductors, this material undergoes a structural transition around 580 degrees C resulting in an increase of conduction by almost two orders of magnitude. Its conductivity is about 6 x 10(-2) S cm(-1) at 800 degrees C, which is comparable to that of stabilized zirconia, the most widely used oxide electrolyte. The structural similarity of La2Mo2O9 with beta-SnWO4 (ref. 14) suggests a structural model for the origin of the oxide-ion conduction. More generally, substitution of a cation that has a lone pair of electrons by a different cation that does not have a lone pair--and which has a higher oxidation state--could be used as an original way to design other oxide-ion conductors.

Nanosized faujasite (FAU) crystals have great potential as catalysts or adsorbents to more efficiently process present and forthcoming synthetic and renewable feedstocks in oil refining, petrochemistry and fine chemistry. Here, we report the rational design of template-free nanosized FAU zeolites with exceptional properties, including extremely small crystallites (10-15 nm) with a narrow particle size distribution, high crystalline yields (above 80%), micropore volumes (0.30 cm(3) g(-1)) comparable to their conventional counterparts (micrometre-sized crystals), Si/Al ratios adjustable between 1.1 and 2.1 (zeolites X or Y) and excellent thermal stability leading to superior catalytic performance in the dealkylation of a bulky molecule, 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene, probing sites mostly located on the external surface of the nanosized crystals. Another important feature is their excellent colloidal stability, which facilitates a uniform dispersion on supports for applications in catalysis, sorption and thin-to-thick coatings.

The crystal structure of the new fast oxide-ion conductor La2Mo2O9 (ionic conductivity of 0.06 S cm-1 at 800 °C) has been studied. This compound presents a reversible phase transformation around 580 °C from a low-temperature form α-La2Mo2O9 to a high-temperature form β-La2Mo2O9. The high-temperature form β-La2Mo2O9 has a cubic structure (at 617 °C, space group P213; a = 7.2014(5) Å; Z = 2; R Bragg = 5.8%, R p = 10.9%, R wp = 6.5%, χ2 = 7.7) which derives from that of β-SnWO4. Partial site occupation by oxygen atoms, strongly anisotropic thermal factors, and short-range order with a distance characteristic of O−O pairs have been evidenced. An original concept is proposed for the origin of oxide−ion conduction in this compound, which could be applied to the design of new oxide−ion conductors. The low-temperature form α-La2Mo2O9 exhibits a slight monoclinic distortion and a large superstructure relative to β-La2Mo2O9 (2 × 3 × 4), most probably due to the localization of oxygen atoms. The large cell (∼8800 Å3) did not allow us to determine the crystal structure of α-La2Mo2O9.