We demonstrated for the first time in a Moroccan population that fasting during Ramadan, the ninth lunar month of the Muslims’ year, affected lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in a group of 32 healthy adult male volunteers. This investigation was conducted to study the changes in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, cholesterol in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), glucose, and body weight during Ramadan. The results showed a significant decrease (7.9%, p < 0.001) in serum total cholesterol concentration during Ramadan as compared with the prefasting period. Also, we obtained a significant decrease of serum triglyceride concentration (30%, p < 0.001) during Ramadan fasting as compared to the period before Ramadan. The reduction of both serum triglycerides and total cholesterol was maintained 1 month after Ramadan. By the end of Ramadan, serum HDL cholesterol had markedly increased (14.3%, p < 0.001) and remained elevated 1 month after Ramadan in contrast to LDL cholesterol which showed a significant decrease (11.7%, p < 0.001) also maintained 1 month after Ramadan. Mean body weight declined by 2.6% (p < 0.01) on day 29 of Ramadan, whereas during Ramadan, the diet pattern used by our subjects showed an increase of total energy intake due to carbohydrates (+1.4% of total energy), proteins (+0.4% of total energy) but not fat (-0.7% of total energy) compared to a usual diet used throughout the rest of the year. Moreover, the fat diet is high in monounsaturated (p < 0.05) and polyunsaturated fatty acid in contrast to saturated fatty acid which significantly (p < 0.05) decreased during Ramadan. These findings suggest that feeding behavior that occurs during Ramadan beneficially affects plasma lipids and lipoproteins.

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Background: An energy drinks supposed to give a boost of energy to the consumer. It usually contains caffeine and lot of sugar. We studied the risks associated with the consumption of these drinks, the conditions in which they are consumed and the frequency of obesity in the determination of body mass index among 195 students of the Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik. Methods: This is a survey conducted by students of the Ben M'sik Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II Casablanca University, during the year 2015, using a questionnaire exploring the consumption of energy drinks. Results: Our study shows 195 of surveyed students consuming energy drinks, of which 22.0% are girls and 78.0% are boys, of which 16.5% were overweight, 5.5% moderate and 2% severe obesity. 9.2% of students consume them to quench the thirst, 10.8% to bring their body energy, 7.7% for their taste, 21.5% to mitigate fatigue, 6.2% to stimulate and 44.6% for all the reasons cited. 4.6% say they associate them with tobacco, 4.0% with alcohol and 6.8% with some drugs during review periods. The consequences of poisoning these drinks can be serious health and manifest as tachycardia (3.2%), agitation or confusion (29.3%), abdominal pain (7.9%), hypertension (19.4%). These symptoms experienced are significantly higher among consumers of these drinks compared to controls. Witnesses consume either energy drinks or sugary drinks. Discussion/Conclusion: That frequent consumption of energy drinks may pose a risk and a danger to the health of consumers, hence the need for awareness especially young people against their effects. Public health organizations must also keep a close watch on this new trend. How to cite this paper: M'Touguy, I.,

Background: Breast cancer is the leading malignancy in women, but it is relatively rare in men, accounting for 1% of all breast cancers. In Morocco, its incidence is 0.8/ 100,000 in men. This condition epidemiology, therapeutic and prognostic remains unknown given the scarcity of reported series. The objective of this work is to identify the epidemiological, clinical, pathological and therapeutic of this cancer in men. Results: Six patients were diagnosed with breast cancer with a ratio of 6/1277 cases. The mean age of patients was 63.3 ± 9.7 ans; the most common histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma (83.3%). The grade 2 SBR has a majority (66.7%), while that of SBR 3 is less represented (33.3%). A positive estrogen receptor (66.7% of cases) and progesterone (50.0% of cases) was noted. The HER2 receptor is overexpressed in 25% of cases. The treatment was essentially surgical (83.3%). Additional treatment included adjuvant chemotherapy (50.0%), radiotherapy (50.0%) and hormonal therapy (16.7%) was administered. Discussion/Conclusion: Breast cancer in men is rare and appears to have a very close clinical, histological characteristics and prognosis to those of elderly women. The diagnosis is usually late and tumors are treated in advanced stages. An improved prognosis requires better awareness for early detection.

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