A Computer network or data communication network is a telecommunication network that allows computers to exchange data. Computer networks are typically built from a large number of network devices such as routers, switches and numerous types of middle boxes with many complex protocols implemented on them. They need to accomplish very complex tasks with access to very limited tools. As a result, network management and performance tuning is quite challenging. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging architecture purporting to be adaptable , cost-effective, dynamic and manageable pursuing to be suitable for the high-bandwidth, changing nature of today's applications. SDN architectures decouples network control and forwarding functions, making network control to become directly programmable and the underlying infrastructure to be abstracted from applications and network services. The network security is a prominent feature of the network ensuring accountability, confidentiality, integrity, and protection against many external and internal threats. An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a type of security software designed to automatically alert administrators when someone or something is trying to compromise information system through malicious activities or through security policy violations. Security violation in SDN environment needs to be identified to prevent the system from an attack. The proposed work aims to detect the attacks on SDN environment. Detecting anomalies on SDN environment will be more manageable and efficient.

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3GPP has introduced LTE Femto cells to handle the traffic for indoor users and to reduce the load on the Macro cells. However, the current LTE Femto based system is not able to utilize the spectrum efficiently. Hence, we propose a new spectrum allocation method which dynamically allocates the spectrum between Macro and Femto cells and dynamically inside Femto regions based on user traffic demands. This method is applicable only for enterprise cellular deployments in which, all Femtos are deployed in a planned manner.

While it is easier to quench the demand for higher data rates outdoors, it is still a significant challenge when it comes to attaining similar data rates for indoor User Equipments (UEs). Femto cells were introduced for this purpose and also to minimize the traffic load on macro Base Stations (BSs) in 4G/LTE cellular networks. Indoor UEs can achieve good throughput if they get high Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), but the inherent problem of path loss due to obstacles prevents UEs from receiving good signals. So, the efficient placement of Femtos in enterprise buildings is crucial. For the optimal placement of Femtos, we developed a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model and solved it using the GAMS tool. Once the network planning is done, the next problem that has to be addressed is the downlink traffic imbalance which happens due to non-uniform UE traffic distribution. Traditionally load imbalance is addressed by transferring some of the UEs from the highly loaded cell to a less loaded neighboring cell but this could increase the UE uplink transmission power as it now connected to a cell which is not the closest one. To improve UE battery life and to boost the downlink throughput, we decouple the uplink and downlink (DuD) access to UEs by connecting the uplink to the shortest pathloss Femto, and the downlink to one of less loaded neighboring Femtos. Our extensive experimentation in MATLAB shows that on average, the decoupled access system achieves 70% energy savings (i.e., uplink power) when compared to coupled access system.

Proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices (smart wearables/vehicles, etc.) in the near future, would raise the capacity and bandwidth demands from the cellular infrastructure manifold. Deploying small cells is an effective solution to cope with the problem. This work focuses on a special kind of small eNBs, termed as Phantom eNBs. Phantom eNB acts as a supplement to the current radio access network (RAN) in the LTE infrastructure. It handles the data plane while a Macro eNB holds the control plane. Definitions of control and data plane, along with the modifications n e eded i n t h e p r otocol s t ack a r e e x plained i n this paper. Communication mechanisms are developed for Phantom and Macro eNB to communicate over the X2 interface between them. NS-3 simulations are performed for handover scenarios of Vehicular IoT environment, consolidating the architecture and network topology designed for Phantom based Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets). Network throughput improvements of 80% and 14% are observed in comparison to the Macro-only RAN and existing small cell solutions (Femto cells), respectively.