The microstructure, specific area, and mechanical properties of various samples of "nematically ordered" aerogels whose strands are almost parallel to each other at macroscopic distances have been studied. The strong anisotropy of such aerogels distinguishes them from standard aerogels, which are synthesized by solgel technology, and opens new possibilities for physical experiments.

Results of experiments with liquid 3 He immersed in a new type of aerogel are described. This aerogel consists of Al 2 O 3 ⋅ H 2 O strands which are nearly parallel to each other, so we call it as a "nematically ordered" aerogel. At all used pressures a superfluid transition was observed and a superfluid phase diagram was measured. Pos sible structures of the observed superfluid phases are discussed.

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The solid-phase method designed by the State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation - Institute for Physics and Power Engineering (SSC RF - IPPE) for the oxygen thermodynamic activity control [1, 2] implies the use of oxygen source, i.e. dissolvable lead oxide spheroids hold within limited section of the circuit (reaction vessel of mass exchanger) connected by the pipeline to the main circuit. PbO spheroids being in contact with flowing lead-bismuth (lead) are dissolved with generation of oxygen, which is transported throughout the circuit by the coolant flow. Technological implementation of solid phase control method is based on the use of specially designed mass exchangers (MX) being an important component of heavy liquid metal coolant technology.