Rising levels of antimicrobial resistance pose serious dangers to patients, population health, food security, and economic stability worldwide. In response to this threat, the United Nations and the World Health Organization have called for multisectoral, multidisciplinary action, recognizing that human, animal, and environmental health are interdependent. Although the pharmaceutical industry clearly has a leading role in developing novel antimicrobials and vaccines, it is also active in many areas supporting antimicrobial stewardship. This article describes why pharmaceutical companies invest in antimicrobial stewardship, outlines why they are well suited to help address this issue, and provides examples of how the pharmaceutical industry can support the responsible use of antimicrobials. Merck & Co., Inc. (Kenilworth, NJ, USA), a large, globally operating pharmaceutical company that develops and markets both human and veterinary antimicrobials and vaccines is used as a case study for illustrating industry involvement in antimicrobial stewardship efforts.

The animal-health industry continues to offer many different opportunities for veterinarians interested in business applications for products and ideas vested in animal health and animal husbandry. These opportunities are expanding rapidly and becoming more diverse every day. Successful animal-health companies are increasing the recruiting and retention of business-savvy veterinary professionals. Employment earnings and broad offerings of employment extras in the animal health industries are in the top strata of the many veterinary professional options.

Background: There is a growing awareness and demand for quality health care across the world; hence the need to describe the level of health care and services provided to meet the patient centered care by the frontline stakeholders. Aim of study: To determine the current level of care provided in a tertiary hospital in a developing country setting. Study design: prospective, descriptive and questionnaire based survey. Methods: The study was conducted at the National Hospital Abuja, a tertiary care setting in Nigeria. 157 health workers were enrolled, who responded to questions on the clinical, support and corporate services of the hospital. Response were either yes, no or do not know. The result were analyzed and presented in tables and charts. Results: Of 157 respondents, 66 males (42.0%) 91 females (58.0%). Doctors and nurses formed 64.3% of the study population. 114 (72.6%) of the health staff agreed that patients received appropriate medical needs and treatments, 118 (75.2%) that care was planned with patient involvement, 107(68.2%) that patients were informed of results and final care processes, 127 (80.9%) that patient were aware of consent processes and 112 (71.3%) that patients at discharge were aware of their ongoing and subsequent care. 90 (57.3%) of the respondents agreed that the patients records were accurate with patients' participation and medications well managed to prevent errors and adverse reactions (75.2%). Infection control and routine surveillance were low. Safe blood sample collection measures (74.5%), measures to reduce break in skin integrity (77.7%), and bed sores rare and effectively managed (38.9%). Some agreed that patient received appropriate nutrition (58.0%). Information on patients' rights and responsibilities, and continuous quality control measures rates were low. Others were adverse incidences reported and treated (50.3%), feedbacks mechanism (66.9%) and complaints management rates (54.8%). Hand washing practice rates were low among doctors and nurses and patient relatives. Staff rated that both workforces planning that supported needs and recruitment and appointment systems low. Records were not updated to meet with international standards (ICD-10); (22.9%) and had low rates for use in future purposes. Also low were the level of medical and environmental research, informal relationship and security, but the management had a high level of social responsibility in form of emergency and disaster management to the immediate co mmu nity; (83.4%). Conclusion: Health workers agreed that some of the patients' needs were met.