This article analyses regional development in Indonesia from 2010-2020, based on its cement consumption. It investigates the relationship between cement demand, GDP, population, and urbanization by using Ordinary Least Square regression. In this period, Java known as the central cement producer and intake most of the product from the market. However, cement consumption per capita (CCP) in Kalimantan was the highest during 2010-2015 and in Sulawesi during 2016-2020. Meanwhile, high distribution cost has caused Eastern Indonesia consumed cement the least. The regression analysis shows that nationally and in four regions, variables GDP and population have positively influence while urbanization has negative influence on the cement demand. This relationship, however, do not exist in Sulawesi and Maluku-Papua. Negative coefficient values of urbanization indicate that road transport infrastructures and public facilities has played a more important role in urban cement consumption rather than public housing. Secondly, we found that GDP per capita (GDPP) positively affect the CCP, unless in Kalimantan region. An increase of 1% GDPP will cause national CCP to raise by 0.005%, regional CCP in Java and Sumatra by 0.005% as well, but in Sulawesi, Bali-Nusa Tenggara, and Maluku-Papua, CCP will raise by 0.01%. The extreme CCP gap portrayed the disproportionate in regional development in the country. Although massive infrastructure projects have lessened the gap, it is necessary to have an adequate supply of the product in each region with affordable price to accelerate regional development.

The fourth industrial revolution has triggered an increase in the demand for information and communication technology equipment. Computers are useful in modern days and it is reflected in the ownership of these appliances which experienced steady growth in recent years. In 2017, about 20% of Indonesian households possess these devices. Undoubtedly, it will correspond to the escalating volume of computer waste. Furthermore, it raises concerns since valuable as well as toxic materials are embedded in e-waste. On the other hand, proper e-waste management is absent in the country. The current study aims to quantify the amount of computer waste generated in Indonesia by applying a stock-based model. The flow model is developed based on the secondary data of household ownership of computers, and the usage period is estimated using the lifetime distribution. The result indicates that computer lifespan in the country is 4.51 years. Besides, the 15 years prediction shows that in 2012 and 2026 the quantity of computer waste is about 1.16 million and 7.47 million respectively. It implies that the amount of e-waste will continue to increase. Therefore, it is imperative to design and implement sustainable e-waste management.

The advancement of communication technology is shortening the lifetime of mobile phones (MP), resulting in a phenomenal increase in mobile phones waste (MPW). However, instead of recycling their obsolete devices, customers shelved MPW for the personal data stored inside. This study aims to estimate secondary minerals contained in MPW stockpiled by Indonesians. “Consumption and used” method was employed to assess the quantity of MPW generated in this country based on the data of mobile subscribers. Considering that MP life span was around 3 years, and about 38% of obsolete MP were hoarded by their owners, this study revealed that about 339.69 million units of MPW were waiting to enter the reversed logistics. This volume of MPW may generate economic intrinsic at approximately USD 508 million from valuable metals such as 80,949 Kg of silver, 8,873 Kg of gold, and 2,547 Kg of palladium. It implied that hoarding MPW impedes the noble goal of recycling; that is to promote sustainable materials management (SMM) since mining precious metals from e-waste will reduce the demand of virgin minerals directly extracted from nature and reduce the environmental impact. This paper highlighted that it is imperative to develop a sustainable system to support the mineral supply chain.