<p><strong>Abstrak</strong>. Lahan rawa lebak menjadi sangat penting dalam pembangunan pertanian, luasnya mencapai 13,28 juta ha. Lahan rawa lebak cukup potensial untuk komoditas tanaman hortikultura. Komoditas ini, dapat dikembangkan sebagai sumber protein dan gizi serta sebagai salah satu sumber pendapatan bagi petani yang berada di kawasan tersebut. Agrohidrologi lahan rawa lebak hampir sepanjang tahun mengalami genangan yang relatif dalam, sehingga sistem budidaya hanya dilakukan pada musim kemarau setelah lahan kering. Melalui penerapan inovasi teknologi, yakni penataan lahan dengan sistem surjan lahan rawa lebak dapat dioptimalkan pemanfaatannya khususnya untuk pengembangan tanaman hortikultura, dan sistem budidaya ini dapat dilakukan sepanjang tahun. Sesuai dengan umur tanamannya, tanaman hortikultura dibedakan atas: (1) tamanan hortikultura semusim, yakni jenis tamaman berumur satu musim seperti: cabai, tomat, terung, metimun, labu kuning, gambas, pare, kubis danlainnya, dan (2) tanaman hortikultura tahunan yakni tanaman berumur > 1 tahun (panjang) seperti tanaman jeruk manis (Siam) dan tanaman rambutan. Pengembangan lahan rawa lebak untuk tanaman hortikultura sudah dilakukan oleh petani secara turun temurun sebagai kearifan lokal (local wisdom) bagi petani suku Banjar di Kalimantan Selatan. Hasil analisis ekonomi, komoditas hortikultura jenis tanaman sayur-sayuran memberikan kontribusi yang cukup besar terhadap pendapatan petani, yakni berkisar28,8%-43,5% dan R/C rasionya > 1,0 sehingga budidaya tanaman sayur-sayuran layak dikembangkan. Penataan lahan dengan sistem surjan, tanaman hortikultura tahunan dapat ditanam pada bagian surjan. Tanaman jeruk siam sangat potensial dan memberikan kontribusi yang cukup besar yakni 18,71%-49,3% terhadap pendapatan petani.</p><p> </p><p> </p>
Amelioration is very important in supporting plant growth in peat land. The use of low emission ameliorant will support the sustainability of agricultural system in peat land. The research is intended to study the effectiveness of some ameliorants in reducing CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emission in corn planting in peat land. The research was conducted in April to October 2013, in Kalampangan Village Palangkaraya Municipality Central Kalimantan. Ameliorant materials used were chicken manure fertilizer, domolite, mineral soil, paddy husk biochar, coconut shell biochar. Ameliorant treatments applied were the type of ameliorant compositions, those were (A1) 80% chicken manure fertilizer + 20% dolomite, (A2) 20% chicken manure fertilizer + 20% agricultural weeds + 20% spodosol mineral soil + 20% “purun tikus” (<em>eleocharis dulcis</em>) compost + 20% dolomite, (A3) 19% chicken manure fertilizer + 9% dolomite + 72% mineral soil, (A4) 100% coconut shell biochar, (A5) paddy husk biochar, (A6) farmer’s way (20% ash + 40% spodosol mineral soil + 40% chicken manure fertilizer) and control. Experiment design used a Randomized Factorial Block Design, with 3 repetitions. Ameliorant dosage used was 7.5 t/ha. The crop used was hybrid corn. Parameters which were observed periodically were emission of CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O, ground water level height, soil pH and Eh, once a month for 5 periods. The research result showed that ameliorant was capable of reducing emission of both CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O in corn planting in peat land. Coconut shell biochar could reduce emission of CO<sub>2</sub> up to 26% as compared with control, whereas paddy husk biochar could reduce emission of N<sub>2</sub>O up to 52% as compared with control.
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