Background: indicators of maternal health in a country can be seen through the high and low Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR). Sintang District in 2021 will be the second highest contributor to MMR in West Kalimantan Province. The determinants of maternal mortality are inconclusive and show different results in each region according to the method of collecting maternal mortality data.Objectives: the general objective of this research is to find out the Determinant Factors for Maternal Mortality in Sintang District for the period August 2021 – August 2022.Methods: using a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods with sequential explanatory. Quantitative research samples totaled 16 cases and qualitative informants amounted to 40 informants with indepth interview method. .Results: quantitative proxy determinant of maternal death caused by complications of childbirth (37.5%) 6 cases, determinant intermediate age > 35 years (68.75%) 11 cases and ANC examination (68.75%) 11 cases, contextual determinant geographical area (75%) 12 cases. The qualitative results of the proxy determinants of maternal death were cases of retained placenta bleeding, the determinant intermediate the risk factors for maternal age > 35 years, high maternal parity ≥ 3 times giving birth and incomplete ANC examinations < 6 times. The determinant is far because it is in a rural area.Conclusion: the causes of maternal death in Sintang district are very complex and multifactor. Assistance for high-risk pregnant women by health personnel and monitoring periodic evaluations of the Program Birth Planning and Complication Prevention (P4K) must be carried out to reduce MMR in Sintang District.

Background: Mothers regardless of their ethnicity and demographic characters described post-partum pain as one of the serious problem after giving births. Severe perineal pain can distract the mother and therefore interrupt the initial bonding process between mother and baby which is very essential. Deep breathing helps relax the body and mind. Learning deep breathing reduces muscle tension thereby lessening pain. This study aimed to analyze the effect of guided deep breath relaxation and Kegel gym on perineal pain reduction in postpartum women at Buleleng Hospital, Bali. Subjects and Method: This study was a quasi experiment with a pre-test and post-test with control group design. It was conducted at Buleleng hospital, Bali. A total of 82 postpartum mothers was divided into 2 groups: 41 postpartum mothers in experimental group and 41 postpartum mothers in control group. The independent variable was Kegel gym and guided deep breathing. The dependent variable was perineal pain at 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours. The data were collected using a pain observation sheet in the form of a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), and leaflets on guided deep breath that had been developed by researchers. The data were analyzed using Paired t-test and Independent Test t-test and Manova test. Results: Decrease in perineal pain in the experimental group (Mean= 2.78) was larger than the control group (Mean= 1.52), and it was statisticallly significant. Conclusion:The guided deep breathing method is more effective in reducing maternal perineal pain at 24 hours postpartum. It is expected that guided deep breathing can be used as an alternative method of overcoming persistent perineal pain.