Background: Cervical and breast cancers are the leading malignancies in females in India. Cancer cervix is preventable and treatable if detected at premalignant stage. Pap smear is a recommended screening method for cancer cervix and its precursors. Pap smear screening in antenatal period presents an opportunity to screen for premalignant cervical lesions and genital infections. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of abnormal cervical smears and genital infections among antenatal women.Methods: It is a prospective study in which, 200 antenatal mothers at booking visit, were included in the study. Details on their demographic characteristics, obstetric profile, and past history of Pap test were collected. Liquid based cytology was used for the test. The cytological results were reported based on the Bethesda classification system 2001.Results: Among 200 antenatal women 57% were between 21-25 yrs of age and 18% were less than 20 years. 38% of women were less than 20 years of age at the time of beginning of sexual activity. 56% were primi gravida and others were multi gravida. 95.5 % of women were literate. 89% of women were unaware of Pap smear test. Among the 200 Pap smear reports, 23% were normal, 55.5% nonspecific inflammatory changes, 8.5% Candida infection and 13% bacterial vaginosis. None were reported with premalignant changes.Conclusions: In a population where people do not undergo Pap test due to varied reasons, antenatal Pap test not only provides an excellent opportunity to screen and create awareness for further screening, also helps detect genital infections.

India is presently one of the high burden countries for tuberculosis and accounts for 23% of global TB burden with 2.2 million patients. Of these reported cases in India around 20% are of Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis (EPTB).Pleural effusion due to TB is currently the second common location for EPTB next to TB lymphadenitis . The bacteriological confirmation to diagnose EPTB is more difficult due to its paucibacillary nature. The present study was done to determine the role of ADA and CBNAAT both being rapid and non-invasive diagnostic methods for early detection of tuberculous pleuritis, which is essential for treatment initiation, improved patient outcome and for more effective public health intervention. Materials and Methods: An observational study was done on 100 patients presenting with clinicoradiological picture suggestive of pleural effusion, either admitted or attending OPD of Department of Pulmonary Medicine from Nov 2017 to Nov 2019 at GGH, Kakinada. Results: Out of 100 exudative pleural effusions in study, male predominance with 80% of males and 20% females. Lymphocyte predominance is 74%, sputum AFB was positive in 6 cases. With ADA cut off as 40IU/L, 70 cases had an ADA > 40IU/L out of which 64 were tubercular, and 6 were malignant effusions .ADA has a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 60%.Pleural fluid CBNAAT was positive in 30 cases, out of which 2 cases had an ADA < 40 IU/L .All are rifampicin sensitive. The sensitivity of CBNAAT is 40% and specificity 82%.There is a positive correlation between the lymphocyte predominance with ADA and CBNAAT with P<0.05%. Conclusion: Estimation of ADA in pleural fluid is a simple, rapid, and less expensive laboratory investigation where the diagnosis is uncertain. The sensitivity of ADA, when combined with lymphocytepredominant exudates, helps to diagnose tubercular effusions. The role of CBNAAT in diagnosing pleural TB is limited due to its poor sensitivity.