Highlights d An index to track vulnerability of global rainforests to climate and land use d Four decades of satellite data show widespread vulnerability across the tropics d Response of rainforests to heat and drying varies across the continents d Early warning from the index can identify regions for conservation and restoration

The study presented in this article focuses on firewood and charcoal in Cameroon. The study analyses subnational secondary data combined in some cases with additional collected data on firewood and charcoal consumption as well as their market prices. The findings estimate a total consumption of 2.2 million metric tons for firewood and 356,530 metric tons for charcoal in urban areas of Cameroon. Firewood and charcoal contribute to the GDP for an estimated amount of US$ 304 million representing 1.3% of the GDP of Cameroon. In addition, the sub-sector provides about 90,000 equivalent full time jobs while 80% of the people in Cameroon depend entirely on wood-energy for household energy supply. Unfortunately, there is no government policy to develop the wood-energy sub-sector.El presente artículo describe un estudio llevado a cabo sobre la leña y el carbón en Camerún. El estudio se basa en el análisis de datos secundarios recientes a nivel subnacional, que han sido completados en ciertos casos con datos adicionales sobre el consumo de leña y carbón, así como sus precios de mercado. Los resultados indican que el consumo total en áreas urbanas de Camerún gira en torno a 2,2 millones de toneladas de leña y 356.530 toneladas de carbón. Se estima que la leña y el carbón contribuyen con 304 millones de US$ al PIB de Camerún, lo que corresponde a un 1,3%. Además, el subsector genera un equivalente de 90.000 trabajos a tiempo completo, y el 80% de la población de Camerún depende completamente de la dendroenergía para el suministro de energía en el hogar. Desafortunadamente, no hay una política gubernamental para desarrollar el subsector de la dendroenergía.L'étude présentée dans cet article s'est intéressée au bois de feu et au charbon de bois au Cameroun. L'étude s'est basée sur l'analyse des données secondaires issues d'études récentes conduites à des niveaux sous nationaux, complétée dans certains cas, par des collectes additionnelles de données tant sur la consommation du bois de feu et du charbon de bois que sur les prix de vente de ces produits sur le marché. Les résultats ont été que, les consommations totales en zone urbaines du Cameroun sont estimées à 2,2 millions tonnes et 356.530 tonnes pour le bois de feu et le charbon de bois respectivement. Le bois de feu et le charbon de bois contribuent au PIB pour un montant estimé à 304 millions de dollars US représentant 1,3% du PIB du Cameroun. De plus, le sous-secteur procure environ 90.000 emplois équivalents plein temps tandis que 80% de la population dépend entièrement du bois-énergie pour l'approvisionnement des ménages en énergie. Malheureusement, il n'existe pas de politique gouvernementale pour le développement du sous-secteur bois-énergie

Forest logging in the Congo Basin has led to forest fragmentation due to logging infrastructures and felling gaps. In the same vein, forest concessions in the Congo Basin have increasing interest in the REDD? mechanism. However, there is little information or field data on carbon emissions from forest degradation caused by logging. To help fill this gap, Landsat 7 and 8 and SPOT 4 images of the East Region of Cameroon were processed and combined with field measurements (measurement of forest roads widths, felling gaps and log yards) to assess all disturbed areas. Also, measurements of different types of forest infrastructures helped to highlight emission factors. Forest contributes to 5.18 % of the degradation of the annual allowable cut (AAC) (84.53 ha) corresponding to 4.09 % of forest carbon stock (6.92 t ha -1 ). Felling gaps constitute the primary source of degradation, represented an estimated area of 32.41 ha (2 % of the cutting area) far ahead of primary roads (18.44 ha) and skid trails (16.36 ha). Assessment of the impact of degradation under the canopy requires the use of high resolution satellite images and field surveys.

The integrated landscape approach is re-emerging in the global agenda as an approach which can give a fair deal to landscape functions such as climate change response, biodiversity conservation, food security, poverty reduction and economic growth. However, transformational change might be required to enable landscapes respond to these different functions. This is due to the sensitive nature of landscapes to local, national and global economic, social and political drivers. Based on national policy instruments, this paper presents a situational analysis of the landscape concept in Cameroon, operationalized as Technical Operation Units (TOUs) and in the context of the present institutional, social, economic and political features, it examines the rationale for a landscape approach in Cameroon. We notice potential trade-offs, indicating that the landscape approach is an opportunity for TOUs in Cameroon. Firstly, TOUs are characterized by multiple resource regimes with overlapping claims each having a legal land allocation and management plan. Secondly, TOUs are characterized by different stakeholders, with different land-use interests and motives, each controlling key components in the landscapes. Thirdly, the interests and motives of stakeholders overlap spatially and are connected to different sectoral policies at the national level. This setting might threaten decision making and the sustainability potentials of landscapes. Nonetheless, we propose areas for in-depth studies to generate knowledge and information to orientate win-win policy construction for landscapes. This is relevant for the social, ecological and economic objectives that underpin the sustainable development goals proposed in the post-2015 development agenda.