VANET is an emerging technology to achieve intelligent intervehicle transmission and result if VANET. It Mostly resembles criteria remain same. The speed and choice of the path describe the dynamic topology [2] of VANET. If we assume two vehicles moving away from each other with a speed of 60 mph. Some of the well known ad hoc routing protocol such as AODV (Ad Hoc on demand distance vector) and DSR (Dynamic source routing) are therefore can be applied to VANET as well. VANET provides a wide range of applications like safety of vehicles on roads, driver assistance, sharing traffic and determining road conditions for smooth flow of traffic. In this paper various systems using collision avoidance [8] and provides the road safety using ITS (Intersection collision avoidance), CWAS (collision warning avoidance system), and the most appropriate simulation tools to simulate VANET protocol and applications). VANET has the tremendous challenges in roadside areas because VANET having the potential to avoid the traffic accidents and having efficiency. Recent research have been placed the VANET design architectures and implementations. Nowadays VANET research work have been focuses on the including areas like routing, broadcasting, Quality of Service (QoS), and security. We survey some of the research results in these areas.

In an electrical Power system, the current drawn by power converter devices from the line is distorted resulting in a higher Harmonic Distortion and low Power Factor (PF). Hence, there is a continuous need for power factor improvement and reduction of line current harmonics. Here, an Active Power factor Correction method is proposed to improve the PF and to regulate the Output Voltage of a Single Phase AC to DC Boost Converter. Small signal modeling of single-phase full bridge rectifier and its modes of operations are discussed. The inner Voltage loop is controlled by PID controller and sliding mode control is used for controlling the Outer current loop. An overall comparison is made for various voltages and loads. Output voltage tracking is also analyzed. The main aim of the proposedwork is to maintain the power factor above 0.95 and to reduce the total harmonic distortion below 5%. Simulation is carried out using MA TLAB software.

To mitigate the impacts of voltage sag, a hybrid power flow controller (HPFC) finds a spot between the sending and receiving terminals. This research work deals with the comparison of four bus systems employing UPFC and HPFC. Simulation is done for 4 bus system using UPFC and HPFC. The outcomes are associated with respect to the voltage, active power and Reactive power. The outcomes exemplifies the grander enactment of HPFC controlled 4 bus system compared to UPFC controlled 4 bus system.

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