The long term recurrence rate of an inguinal hernia by reconstruction of the inguinal ligament is high and even higher when assessed by physical examination. The high recurrence rate and frequent bilateral recurrence might favour repairs with mesh reinforcement.

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The case history of male child is reported. At the ages of five and fifteen months he suffered attacks, of left upper lobar pneumonia. When ninteen months old, he underwent a lobectomy because of persistent air trapping in this lobe, accompanied by mediastinal displacement to the right side. He has since made a good recovery. From the pathological findings, congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation was diagnosed. Various aspects of this rare condition are discussed.