The article presents the results of large-scale laboratory tests carried out in the conditions of the Chemical and Metallurgical Institute named after V.I. Zh. Abishev on the use of briquetted mono-charge in the smelting of carbon ferrochrome on a 250 kVA furnace. The purpose of these studies was to determine the technological parameters of the use of briquetted mono-charge containing in its composition chrome ore, wastes from the production of high-carbon ferrochrome, middlings and various carbonaceous reducing agents. The main idea of using these briquettes was to multiply the contact surface of the reductant and ore, which should speed up the technological process. The principal possibility of smelting a standard alloy using briquetted mono-charge is shown. The alloy for individual charge options meets the requirements of the standards. In comparison with the technology without the use of briquettes, the mono-charge technology has shown advantages in all main parameters. The technology with the use of briquettes from the dust of the AktZF gas cleaning system is distinguished by a low yield of non-standard metal and slag, the bulk of the material goes into the gas collection system. Technologies from briquettes from fines pellet production area of Donskoy ore mining and processing plant and flash have very low specific technical and economic indicators and cannot be recommended for industrial use. Improvement of briquetting modes and technology of their smelting is required. The technical and economic indicators were higher than the current one, showed briquettes from ore and coke of the People's Republic of China, briquettes of ore from borlin and shubarkol coals of Kazakhstan.
The article presents the results of a study of phase transformations occurring during gradual heating of briquetted mono-charge. A complex of physical and chemical studies aimed at establishing the possibility of monocharge use for smelting of standard carbon ferrochromium was carried out in the laboratorial conditions on the basis of the Chemical and Metallurgical Institute named after Zh. Abishev. In order to study the phase transformations occurring in a mono-charge for smelting of high-carbon ferrochromium, thermograms of chromium briquettes of different variants were obtained in air oxidizing atmosphere and nitrogen inert atmosphere. Among them the following variants are mentioned: chromium fines mixed with a reducing agent, option I -Shubarkol coal; option II -Borlinsky coal; option III -China coke; as well as option IV -pure dust from Aktobe ferroalloy plant gas cleaning; option V -dust from pellet production site at Donskoy GOK with China coke and option VI -flash from production of briquettes with China coke. As a result of processing of thermograms, the peak temperatures and temperature intervals of behaviour of the thermal effects of chromium oxide interaction with used reducing agents were established. The method of differential thermal analysis (DTA) is based on the most important properties of a substance which are related to its chemical composition and structure and are reflected in the thermal changes of a substance when heated. The reason for the widespread use of this method of non-isothermal kinetics is that one experiment can determine all the kinetic constants, including the activation energy. Analyzing the calculated data on the activation energy, it is possible to assume the diffusion nature of inhibition of the reduction reaction for all studied chromium ore materials. Based on the values of the activation energy of the process, briquettes with Borlinsky coal and complex reducing agent have the highest reducibility.
Резюме: В лабораторных условиях проведены исследования по изучению металлургических свойств высокозольных восстановителей на примере каменных углей месторождения Борлы. Определены физико-химические характеристики изучаемых углей: прочность, плотность, пористость, удельное электрическое сопротивление и реакционная способность. Проведен сравнительный анализ свойств угля с известными восстановителями ферросплавного производства: магнитогорским и китайским коксами, ангарским и ленинск-кузнецким полукоксами. Установлено, что исследуемые угли имеют высокие значения удельного электрического сопротивления и высокие значения реакционной способности, обеспечивающие интенсивное восстановление оксидов шихтовых материалов, а также способствующее более полному использованию мощности печи. Показания механической прочности исследуемого угля соответствуют требованиям, предъявляемым к углесодержащему сырью, используемому для производства ферросплавов и составляют 50-60 %. Основной прочностной характеристикой углеродистых восстановителей, применяемых в ферросплавной промышленности, является их структурная прочность, значения которой должны находиться в пределах 45-55 %. Структурная прочность исследуемого нами угля достаточно высока и составляет 81,35 % и близка по значению к магнитогорскому коксу 87,5 %. Показатель реакционной способности высокозольного угля составляет 8,61 мл/г•с и сравнимо с величинами ленинск-кузнецкого 8,02 мл/г•с, а также ангарского 9,80 мл/г•с полукоксов. В целом, показатели металлургических свойств высокозольных борлинских углей находятся в допустимых пределах и вполне соответствуют требованиям, предъявляемым к восстановителям, используемым при производстве ферросплавов.
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